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1.
Am J Ind Med ; 40(3): 271-4, 2001 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11598973

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although systemic sclerosis is a rare disease, incidence rates have increased recently in the United States. This study investigated the association between systemic sclerosis and exposure to solvents. METHODS: A Medline search of articles published between 1966 and 2000 dealing with solvent exposure and systemic sclerosis identified eight studies that met inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis. The studies included seven case-control studies and one cohort study published between 1989 and 1998. A series of meta-analyses of studies on systemic sclerosis and solvent exposure were performed for all studies and for case-control studies. A random effect model was used to calculate a combined estimator of relative risk. RESULTS: The combined estimator of relative risk for all studies was 2.91, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.60 to 5.30. The combined estimator of relative risk for the seven case-control studies was 3.14 (95% CI, 1.56-6.33). CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant increased relative risk for all studies and for case-control studies suggests that exposure to organic solvent may be a risk factor for developing systemic sclerosis. Further studies using other study designs and better control of confounders are needed.


Assuntos
Exposição Ocupacional , Escleroderma Sistêmico/induzido quimicamente , Solventes/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Incidência
2.
Environ Res ; 86(2): 122-7, 2001 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11437458

RESUMO

The study aim was to examine the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and exposure to environmental factors such as living in a rural area, well water use, farming, exposure to farm animals, or living on a farm, and pesticides. A series of metaanalyses of peer-reviewed studies were performed, using 16 studies for living in rural area, 18 studies for well water drinking, 11 studies for farming, and 14 studies for pesticides. Prior to the metaanalyses, all studies were reviewed and evaluated for heterogeneity and publication bias. Significant heterogeneity among studies was detected and combined odds ratio (OR) was calculated using the random and the fixed-effect models. The majority of the studies reported consistent elevation in the risk of PD with exposure to environmental factors such as rural living and farming. The combined OR for rural residence was 1.56 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.18-2.07] for all the studies, and 2.17(95% CI 1.54-3.06) for studies performed in United States. The combined OR for well water use was 1.26 (95% CI 0.97-1.64) for all the studies, and 1.44(95% CI 0.92-2.24) for studies done in United States. The combined OR for farming, exposure to farm animals, or living on a farm was 1.42 (95% CI 1.05-1.91) for all studies, and 1.72(95% CI 1.20-2.46) for studies done in United States. The combined OR for pesticides exposure was 1.85(95% CI 1.31-2.60) for all studies, and 2.16(95% CI 1.95-2.39) for studies done in United States. Dose-response relationships could not be established due to the imprecise nature of the reported data. Our findings suggest that living in a rural area, drinking well water, farming, and exposure to pesticides may be a risk factor for developing PD.


Assuntos
Saúde Ambiental , Doença de Parkinson/etiologia , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Abastecimento de Água , Adulto , Idoso , Agricultura , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Exposição Ambiental , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , População Rural
3.
Neurotoxicology ; 21(4): 435-40, 2000 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11022853

RESUMO

This study examined the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and exposure to pesticides. A series of meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies were performed, using 19 studies published between 1989 and 1999. Prior to the meta-analysis, all studies were reviewed and evaluated for heterogeneity and publication bias. Significant heterogeneity among studies was detected and combined odds ratio (OR) was calculated using the random effect model. The majority of the studies reported consistent elevation in the risk of PD with exposure to pesticides. The combined OR studies was 1.94 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.49-2.53] for all the studies, and 2.15 (95% CI 1.14-4.05) for studies performed in United States. Although the risk of PD increased with increased duration of exposure to pesticides, no significant dose-response relation was established, and no specific type of pesticide was identified. Our findings suggest that exposure to pesticides may be a significant risk factor for developing PD.


Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental , Doença de Parkinson/epidemiologia , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Herbicidas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Razão de Chances , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Tempo
4.
Scand J Work Environ Health ; 25(5): 436-41, 1999 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10569464

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between Hodgkin's disease and farming. METHODS: A series of meta-analyses of peer-reviewed studies was performed, using 30 studies published between 1981 and 1998. Prior to the meta-analyses, all the studies were reviewed and evaluated for heterogeneity and publication bias. Combined relative risks (RR) were calculated using the random effect model. RESULTS: The combined RR was 1.25 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.11-1.42] for all the studies, and 1.08 (95% CI 0.91-1.29) for the studies involving female farmers. Significant heterogeneity among the studies was detected, and a stratified analysis was carried out by study design, country of study, and time of publication. Significantly elevated RR values were obtained for the case-referent studies (odds ratio 1.53, 95% CI 1.18-1.98) and proportionate mortality studies (PMR)(PMR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.36). A decrease in risk was eminent in the more recent studies. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that male farmers have a slightly elevated risk of developing Hodgkin's disease. No specific etiologic exposure was identified, but exposures commonly experienced by farmers (infectious microorganisms, herbicides and insecticides) may contribute to the occurrence of the disease.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/epidemiologia , Doença de Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/diagnóstico , Canadá/epidemiologia , Intervalos de Confiança , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Doença de Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Nova Zelândia/epidemiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
5.
J Occup Environ Med ; 41(9): 821-6, 1999 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10491799

RESUMO

The effect of benzene on white blood cell and red blood cell counts, hemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and platelet count was investigated among workers in a small petroleum company. The investigated cohort consisted of 105 workers exposed to low levels of benzene between 1967 and 1994. The average level of benzene exposure per year ranged between 0.14 parts per million and 2.08 parts per million (8-hour time-weighted average). The mean complete blood count (CBC) demonstrated values within normal ranges. With the exception of white blood cells, all other CBC values were significantly reduced during the follow-up period. Length of employment was significantly related to the changes in MCV and platelet counts. The reductions in MCV were significant only among workers who had been employed for more than 10 years at this particular company. The findings of this study suggest that low levels of benzene may affect CBC values. CBC values may serve as a useful tool for biological monitoring for workers with low-level benzene exposure.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/efeitos adversos , Benzeno/efeitos adversos , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/efeitos dos fármacos , Solventes/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Análise de Variância , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Texas
6.
J Occup Environ Med ; 41(1): 53-9, 1999 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9924721

RESUMO

Occupational illnesses and injuries are common problems facing workers and employers. The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and extent of illnesses and injuries among hospital workers in Ohio. All workers' compensation claims for 22 hospitals in Ohio during the period 1993-1996 were reviewed. The majority of the claims were for sprain and strain injuries. Most of the claims were approved. Back injury was the leading cause of injury in both genders, and females reported a significantly higher percentage of back injuries. The incidence rates for injuries and illnesses were lower than national rates for other industries. Generally, there was a downward trend in the number of claims during the study period. A negative linear trend in injury rates by hospital size was detected. Our findings suggest the need for safety programs, especially in smaller hospitals, with the goal of preventing sprain and strain injuries.


Assuntos
Saúde Ocupacional , Indenização aos Trabalhadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Adulto , Lesões nas Costas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Número de Leitos em Hospital/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Revisão da Utilização de Seguros/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Ohio , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais
7.
Scand J Work Environ Health ; 24(4): 255-61, 1998 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9754856

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and farming. METHODS: A series of meta-analyses of peer-reviewed studies was performed using 36 studies published between 1982 and 1997. Prior to the meta-analyses, all the studies were reviewed and evaluated for heterogeneity and publication bias. Combined relative risks (RR) were calculated using the random effect model. RESULTS: The combined RR was 1.10 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03-1.19] for all the studies and 0.93 (95% CI 0.82-1.06) for studies involving female farmers. Significant heterogeneity was detected for study design and country of study among the studies. Significantly elevated RR values were obtained for case-referent studies (combined RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.33) and for studies conducted on farmers residing in the United States (combined RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.15-1.37). These findings were not influenced by a publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that male farmers residing in the United States have a slightly elevated risk of contracting NHL. Commonly experienced exposures that might contribute to the occurrence of NHL in this group include infectious microorganisms, herbicides, and insecticides.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/epidemiologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Adulto , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/etiologia , Masculino , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Viés de Publicação , Risco , Estados Unidos
8.
Am J Ind Med ; 34(3): 252-60, 1998 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9698994

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A series of meta-analyses of peer-reviewed studies of brain cancer and farming were performed, using 33 studies published between 1981 and 1996. METHODS: Before the meta-analyses, all studies were reviewed and evaluated for heterogeneity and publication bias. A random-effect model was used to estimate the combined relative risk. RESULTS: A meta-analysis including all the studies yielded an estimator of relative risk equal to 1.30, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 1.09, 1.56. The estimator of relative risk obtained from a meta-analysis restricted to female farmers was 1.04 (95% CI = 0.84, 1.29). A third meta-analysis restricted to studies of farmers residing in the central United States resulted in an estimator of relative risk equal 1.25 (95% CI = 1.09, 1.44). These findings were not influenced by either a publication bias or a specific study design. CONCLUSION: The consistent significant positive findings suggests that there is a weak association between brain cancer and farming. Exposures commonly experienced by farmers including infectious microorganisms and pesticides may contribute to the increased risk of brain cancer.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/epidemiologia , Intervalos de Confiança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Exposição Ocupacional , Medição de Risco
9.
Am J Ind Med ; 33(6): 571-7, 1998 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9582949

RESUMO

Wastewater treatment workers (WWTW) are potentially exposed to a variety of infectious agents and toxic materials. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study to examine the prevalence of infectious diseases and associated symptoms in WWTW. From a possible 242 WWTW, 150 completed a questionnaire that provided data pertaining to the diagnosis of an infectious disease or the prevalence of associated symptoms over a 12-month period. Comparison data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 54 college maintenance and oil refinery workers. The WWTW exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal symptoms (specifically abdominal pain), and headaches. No significant differences were found with regard to respiratory and other symptoms. Employees classified by exposure categories did not exhibit significant differences in the prevalence of symptoms. While significant differences were found with regard to the health status of WWTW and controls, it appears that these risks are confined to symptoms and infectious diseases associated with the gastrointestinal system and are not inclusive of all such symptoms or diseases.


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos , Microbiologia da Água , Purificação da Água , Adulto , Doenças Transmissíveis/transmissão , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/etiologia , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Gastroenteropatias/etiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Ohio/epidemiologia , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Doenças Respiratórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco
10.
Am J Ind Med ; 31(5): 580-6, 1997 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9099361

RESUMO

Articles published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1983 and June 1994 were reviewed for inclusion in a meta-analysis designed to estimate the relative risk of prostate cancer in farmers. Three analyses were performed: (1) an analysis including all articles written during the specified time period that listed an estimate of the relative risk of prostate cancer in farmers: (2) an analysis that included only retrospective studies; and (3) an analysis that included only studies reporting a standardized mortality ratio. Positive associations between prostate cancer and farming were found by the analysis including all studies and the analysis limited to the retrospective studies. No association was found with the analysis that included only studies reporting a standard mortality ratio. The most plausible explanation for the positive association between prostate cancer and farming is exposure to hormonally active agricultural chemicals.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/etiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/etiologia , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/mortalidade , Intervalos de Confiança , Herbicidas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Fatores de Risco
11.
Am J Ind Med ; 31(4): 442-4, 1997 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9093659

RESUMO

A meta-analysis of studies examining the association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and employment as a farmer in the central United States was performed to verify the observation by Blair et al. [1993] that this group is at excess risk of NHL. Six studies were selected for the meta-analysis, and the estimator of relative risk calculated was 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17, 1.55). Exposures associated with NHL and associated with agricultural commodities frequently produced in the central United States are infectious microorganisms and pesticides. Examination of the production patterns of the farms in this region did not reveal a single specific risk factor consistently found on all farms; however, past production patterns suggest that exposure to either infectious microorganisms or pesticides might be a risk factor for NHL in this group of farmers.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/epidemiologia , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/efeitos adversos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Microbiologia do Ar , Intervalos de Confiança , Humanos , Incidência , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
12.
Environ Res ; 71(1): 1-10, 1995 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8757232

RESUMO

A series of meta-analyses of peer-reviewed studies of leukemia and farming were performed and examined in the context of what is currently known about risk factors for leukemia. The analyses yielded inconsistent results; however, the preponderance of positive studies and lack of apparent publication bias suggests a weak association between farming and the disease. Reported excesses of all major subtypes of leukemia in farmers suggest that the association between farming and disease is due to a variety of exposures, which result in an overall excess of leukemia. Reported associations with specific subtypes of the disease are based on low numbers of cases and inconsistent due to the lack of exposures to strong risk factors universally experienced by farmers.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/epidemiologia , Leucemia/epidemiologia , Intervalos de Confiança , Humanos , Leucemia/etiologia , Fatores de Risco
13.
N J Med ; 91(10): 715-8, 1994 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7800285

RESUMO

Comparisons and contrasts are made between medical and environmental surveillance in New Jersey. These two approaches can be used together to address questions of association and prevention in occupational and environmental medicine, a field that needs to be expanded.


Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Vigilância da População , Humanos , New Jersey , Fatores de Risco
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