[Conduction anesthesia of the infraorbital nerve - A guide to intraoral nerve block anesthesia of the infraorbital nerv]. / Leitungsanästhesie des Nervus infraorbitalis.

In order to be able to perform major oral surgery in the upper jaw, sufficient local analgesia is indispensable. While the inferior alveolar nerve is often blocked for dental treatments in the lower jaw, block anesthesia in the upper jaw is less common. This article gives pragmatic advice on how to block the infraorbital nerve. By using this method patients comfort is significantly improved and the surgeon can focus on the treatment at hand.

Traitement médicamenteux du lichen plan buccal.

Oral lichen planus is a relatively common T-cell mediated inflammatory disease with potential malignant transformation. It may present itself with pain and oral lesions such as ulcers and Wickham’s striae. Treatment includes topical corticosteroids, preferably Clobetasol, immunosuppressive drugs and retinoids. Hyaluronic acid and aloe vera have been proven to be successful. If topical treatment fails, systemic therapy with corticosteroids may be needed. Because of the potential malignant transformation periodic follow-up is mandatory.

The Effects of Preoperative Radiotherapy on Head and Neck Free Flap Anastomosis Success.

PURPOSE: The long-term survival benefit of neoadjuvant radiotherapy for oropharyngeal tumors is controversially discussed in the literature. To bring more light into this important debate, we evaluated our cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study the main focus was the relationship between neoadjuvant irradiation and anastomosis failure. Other influencing factors including previous operative treatment and tumor stage and type also were studied. RESULTS: In total, 7 anastomoses failed (total failure rate, 8.4%; n = 83); 1 of the 7 underwent neoadjuvant irradiation (failure rate, 3.1%; n = 32). All 7 anastomosis failures were in squamous cell carcinoma cases, with 5 of them staged as T4. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that neoadjuvant radiotherapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma does not increase the risk of postoperative anastomosis failure compared with surgical reconstruction alone. Furthermore, the data suggest a correlation between the stage and type of tumor.

Complications de l’anesthésie locale en médecine dentaire.

Local anaesthetics are an integral part of most dental procedures and are therefore widely used and safely applied. Though rare, complications may occur and can be categorized as local or systemic. In the majority they are of minor nature but there is a potential for severe and possibly lethal side effects. Local complications are nerve damage (mainly the lingual and the inferior alveolar nerve), lesions of vascular structures, hematoma formation, temporary palsy of the facial nerve and post injection pain being the most common local complication. Examples for systemic complications are allergic reactions, cardiovascular complications, intoxication and psychogenic reactions.

Comparison of in vivo cone-beam and multidetector computed tomographic scans by three-dimensional merging software.

In dentomaxillofacial radiology, cone-beam computed tomography (CT) is used to give fast and high-resolution 3-dimensional images of bone with a low dose of radiation. However, its use for quantitative measurement of bone density based on absolute values (Hounsfield units, HU) as in multidetector CT is still controversial. We know of no in vivo study of 3-dimensional merging software that will reliably match identical bone areas of cone-beam and multidetector CT datasets. We studied 19 multidetector, and 19 cone-beam, CT scans of the skull. The two datasets were fused, corresponding points were identified for measurement, and we compared mean density. We used linear regression to analyse the relation between the two different scanning methods, and studied a total of 4180 measurements. The mean time interval between scans was 5.2 (4.7) months. Mean R(2) over all measurements was 0.63 (range 0.22 - 0.79) with a mean internal consistency (Cronbach's α) of 0.86 (range 0.61 - 0.93). The strongest linearity, seen at the left mastoid, was R(2)=0.79 with high internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.89), and the weakest was at the left zygomatic bone with R(2)=0.22 and Cronbach's α=0.61. Measurements of bone density based on cone-beam and multidetector CT scans generated in vivo showed high and reproducible internal consistency but poor linearity.

Komplikationen der zahnärztlichen Lokalanästhesie.

Local anaesthetics are an integral part of most dental procedures and are therefore widely used and safely applied. Though rare, complications may occur and can be categorized as local or systemic. In the majority they are of minor nature but there is a potential for severe and possibly lethal side effects. Local complications are nerve damage (mainly the lingual and the inferior alveolar nerve), lesions of vascular structures, hematoma formation, temporary palsy of the facial nerve and post injection pain being the most common local complication. Examples for systemic complications are allergic reactions, cardiovascular complications, intoxication and psychogenic reactions.

[Oral lichen ruber planus: treatment and drugs]. / Medikamentöse Therapie des oralen Lichen ruber planus.

Oral lichen planus is a relatively common T-cell mediated inflammatory disease with potential malignant transformation. It may present itself with pain and oral lesions such as ulcers and Wickham's striae. Treatment includes topical corticosteroids, preferably Clobetasol, immunosuppressive drugs and retinoids. Hyaluronic acid and aloe vera have been proven to be successful. If topical treatment fails, systemic therapy with corticosteroids may be needed. Because of the potential malignant transformation periodic follow-up is mandatory.