RESUMO
In this review, an overview of CEC and EKC methods with their developments are summarized for different natural compounds. It is divided into three main parts. The first part elaborates the separation of lipophilic compounds without any charged groups. The second part constitutes CEC and EKC of lipophilic compounds containing ionizable functional groups whereas the third part contains hydrophilic compounds. Packed, monolithic, coated, or raw fused-silica (FS) capillaries are among the choice for stationary phases. Applications of these phases on the above-mentioned three classes of compounds, coupled with different detection methods, e.g. MS or LIF, are explored and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Assuntos
Fatores Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Eletrocromatografia Capilar , Cromatografia Capilar Eletrocinética Micelar , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Antraquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides de Berberina/isolamento & purificação , Canabinoides/isolamento & purificação , Eletrocromatografia Capilar/instrumentação , Eletrocromatografia Capilar/métodos , Carotenoides/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia Capilar Eletrocinética Micelar/instrumentação , Cromatografia Capilar Eletrocinética Micelar/métodos , Ergosterol/análogos & derivados , Ergosterol/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Graxos/isolamento & purificação , Flavanonas/isolamento & purificação , Flavonas/isolamento & purificação , Flavonóis/isolamento & purificação , Isoflavonas/isolamento & purificação , Lipídeos/isolamento & purificação , Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Vitaminas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Crude rice bran oil contains tocopherols (vitamin E), carotenoids (vitamin A), and phytosterols, which possess antioxidant activities and show promising effects as preventive and therapeutic agents. The aim of this work was to establish methods and to compare C18 and C30 silica stationary phases in order to separate and detect tocopherols, carotenoids, and gamma-oryzanol in one single run. Comparing RP-LC on silica C18 and C30, higher resolution between all target compounds was obtained using the C30 stationary phase. Methanol was used as eluent and the elution strength was increased by the addition of tert-butyl methyl ether for highly hydrophobic analytes such as gamma-oryzanol. Detection was accomplished by diode array detection from 200 to 500 nm. Absorbance maxima were found at 295 nm for tocopherols, 324 nm for gammaoryzanol, and 450 nm for carotenoids. Furthermore, compounds were characterized and identified on the basis of their UV-spectra. Both RP systems were coupled to MS (LC-MS) by using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/isolamento & purificação , Oryza/química , Fenilpropionatos/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/química , Tocoferóis/isolamento & purificação , Carotenoides/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Fenilpropionatos/química , Tocoferóis/químicaRESUMO
This review summarizes the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of phenolic compounds and its latest developments. Special attention is paid to the different interfaces. The instrumental setups are discussed and demonstrated in a high number of real applications.