RESUMO
The National Cancer Institute in cooperation with the Southwest Oncology Group has begun one of the largest prostate cancer prevention studies to date, the Selenium and Vitamin E Chemoprevention Trial (SELECT). The purpose of this article is to review the evidence and discuss the individual antioxidant compounds under study. The authors comprehensively reviewed the peer-reviewed literature on the chemoprevention of prostate cancer with emphasis on the antioxidants vitamin E and selenium. The credible leads for the primary prevention of prostate cancer using selenium and vitamin E have emerged as secondary findings from randomized controlled trials with corroborative evidence from observational and in vitro studies. Selenium and vitamin E are widely available compounds that are safe if taken in moderation, with relatively few adverse effects. The evidence in support of the antioxidants in the primary prevention of prostate cancer is promising, and the next step in definitively answering the question has been addressed by the investigators of SELECT. The SELECT study will define the role of the antioxidants selenium and vitamin E in the prevention of prostate cancer; complete data from the study will be available in 12 years.