Human Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection via bath water - case report and genome announcement.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a facultative anaerobic, environmentally stable, Gram-positive rod that causes swine and avian erysipelas as a zoonotic pathogen. In humans, the main manifestations described are circumscribed erysipeloid, generalized erysipeloid, and endocarditis. Here, we report a 46-year-old female patient who presented to the physician because of redness and marked functio laesa of the hand, in terms of a pain-related restricted range of motion, and was treated surgically. E. rhusopathiae was detected in tissue biopsy. The source of infection was considered to be a pond in which both swine and, later, her dog bathed. The genome of the isolate was completely sequenced and especially the presumptive virulence associated factors as well as the presumptive antimicrobial resistance genes, in particular a predicted homologue to the multiple sugar metabolism regulator (MsmR), several predicted two-component signal transduction systems, three predicted hemolysins, two predicted neuraminidases, three predicted hyaluronate lyases, the surface protective antigen SpaA, a subset of predicted enzymes that potentially confer resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), several predicted phospholipases that could play a role in the escape from phagolysosomes into host cell cytoplasm as well as a predicted vancomycin resistance locus (vex23-vncRS) and three predicted MATE efflux transporters were investigated in more detail.

[Not Available] / Sauvages, Lazerme und die Hippokratischen Aphorismen.

How was medicine-taught and studied in the early modern period? How did teachers and students relate to the tradition of medical texts? Historians have addressed these questions mainly through research on printed sources. This article uses student notes as a window on medical training in action in Montpellier. The student was Franqois Boissier de Sauvages; the teacher, Jacques Lazerme. The notes record Lazerme lecturing in the form of commentary on the first 14 Hippocratic Aphorisms and setting quite different emphases from those of earlier commentators: professional ethics and how to handle a case (on aphorism 1), moderation in. bloodletting (on 2), disease classification (on 4-6), similarity of symptoms among different diseases (on 7), treating fever (on 8-io), periodicity of disease (on ii), weather and disease (on iz), "calor innatus" and oscillations in the circulation of the blood, with reference to Isaac Newton (on 14). These commentaries allow a fresh look at medical training between theory and practice.