Assuntos
Baclofeno/uso terapêutico , Distonia/tratamento farmacológico , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapêutico , Cateteres de Demora , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Seguimentos , Humanos , Bombas de Infusão Implantáveis , Estudos Longitudinais , MasculinoRESUMO
Immunosuppressive events are often observed in glioblastoma-bearing patients. We tested the response of circulating lymphocytes from glioblastoma patients to low concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-2 after lectin activation or specific in vitro stimulation by autologous tumor cells. In the presence of IL-2, IL-4 up-regulates the proliferation rate of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-P-stimulated glioblastoma patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL)s. Allogeneically- and syngeneically-stimulated PBLs of these patients present an increased proliferation rate in the presence of IL-4. This specifically stimulated lymphocyte population presents a very low proportion of CD8+ cells. This proportion is slightly increased in the presence of IL-4. Our results indicate that the glioblastoma cell-imposed inhibition on T-cells can be partly overcome by low concentrations of IL-4 during in vitro stimulation. Our experiments also demonstrate that glioblastoma-bearing patients' PBLs constitute a good model in which to study the effects of IL-4.
Assuntos
Glioblastoma/imunologia , Interleucina-4/fisiologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Lectinas , Ativação Linfocitária , Células Tumorais CultivadasAssuntos
Ossos Faciais/lesões , Fraturas Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Cranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Coma/etiologia , Coma/fisiopatologia , Ossos Faciais/diagnóstico por imagem , Ossos Faciais/cirurgia , Fraturas Ósseas/complicações , Fraturas Ósseas/cirurgia , Humanos , Radiografia , Fraturas Cranianas/complicações , Fraturas Cranianas/cirurgiaRESUMO
To summarise, it is apparent that operable acute hematomas are found particularly in the second and third hours after a CCI. Therefore, it is during the first hour after a CCI that the control of the vital functions of respiration and circulation are the most important. When a hematoma is suspected, the diagnostic procedure must be organized promptly, particularly in the second and third hour. Later, the chances of recovery for a patient with an epidural hematoma are greatly reduced.