Predictive regulation of associative learning in a neural network by reinforcement and attentive feedback.

At least four types of learning processes are relevant in the present paper: learning of conditioned reinforcement, incentive motivation, sensory expectancy, and motor command. These several types of learning processes, which operate on a slow time scale, regulate and are regulated by rapidly fluctuating limited capacity STM representations of sensory events. The theory suggest how nonlinear feedback interactions among these fast information processing mechanisms and slow learning mechanisms participate in different conditioning paradigms, and actively regulate learning and memory to generate predictive internal representations of external environmental contingencies.

[Theories and models of the function of the hippocampus]. / Teorias y modelos de la funcion hipocampal.

Different and frequently opposed theories and models of the hippocampal function have been developed. A first type of theories proposed that when some expectatives are not accomplished the hippocampus would inhibit: a) attention, b) activation or c) non-reward responses. A second type of theories supported that the hippocampal function would be the selection of the information to be stored: a) into the trace, b) into the long-term memory. A third type of theories proposed that in the hippocampus it would be stored: a) contextual maps, b) spatial maps, c) temporal maps, d) attentional-associative networks, e) contingencies detectors, f) semantics systems, g) recognition memory, h) work memory. The common element among all theories would be the detection of the differences between a neural model and a new input, as Sokolov proposed in 1960.

Teorias y modelos de la funcion hipocampal. / Theories and models of the hippocampal function

Numerosos modelos y teorias de la funcion hipocampal han sido desarrollados, teniendo frecuentemente aspectos no conciliables. Un tipo de teorias propone que cuando algunas expectativas no se cumplen el hipocampo inhibiria: a) la atencion, b) la activacion o c) las respuestas no recompensadas. Un segundo tipo de teorias sostiene que la funcion del hipocampo seria seleccionar la informacion a ser almacenada: a) en la traza o b) en la memoria de largo termino. Un tercer tipo de teorias propone que en el hipocampo se almacenarian: a) mapas contextuales, b) mapas espaciales, c) mapas temporales, d) redes retencionales-asociativas, e) detectores de contingencias, f) sistemas semanticos, g) memoria de reconocimiento, h) memoria de trabajo. Un elemento comun a la mayor parte de las teorias seria la deteccion de diferencias entre la entrada recibida y un modelo neuronal del medio ambiente, como propusiera Sokolov en 1960

Teorias y modelos de la funcion hipocampal. / Theories and models of the hippocampal function

Numerosos modelos y teorias de la funcion hipocampal han sido desarrollados, teniendo frecuentemente aspectos no conciliables. Un tipo de teorias propone que cuando algunas expectativas no se cumplen el hipocampo inhibiria: a) la atencion, b) la activacion o c) las respuestas no recompensadas. Un segundo tipo de teorias sostiene que la funcion del hipocampo seria seleccionar la informacion a ser almacenada: a) en la traza o b) en la memoria de largo termino. Un tercer tipo de teorias propone que en el hipocampo se almacenarian: a) mapas contextuales, b) mapas espaciales, c) mapas temporales, d) redes retencionales-asociativas, e) detectores de contingencias, f) sistemas semanticos, g) memoria de reconocimiento, h) memoria de trabajo. Un elemento comun a la mayor parte de las teorias seria la deteccion de diferencias entre la entrada recibida y un modelo neuronal del medio ambiente, como propusiera Sokolov en 1960

Teorias y modelos de la funcion hipocampal. / [Theories and models of the function of the hippocampus]

Different and frequently opposed theories and models of the hippocampal function have been developed. A first type of theories proposed that when some expectatives are not accomplished the hippocampus would inhibit: a) attention, b) activation or c) non-reward responses. A second type of theories supported that the hippocampal function would be the selection of the information to be stored: a) into the trace, b) into the long-term memory. A third type of theories proposed that in the hippocampus it would be stored: a) contextual maps, b) spatial maps, c) temporal maps, d) attentional-associative networks, e) contingencies detectors, f) semantics systems, g) recognition memory, h) work memory. The common element among all theories would be the detection of the differences between a neural model and a new input, as Sokolov proposed in 1960.

Behavioral changes along escape learning in toads.

Current learning theories consider escape learning as a variation in response dominance into a "habit family". These responses would integrate a repertory of "species-specific reactions" which is displayed when an aggressive or sudden stimulus is presented. We have found that toads (Bufo arenarum Hensel) show a clear correlation between escape learning performance and different rates of responses. Burrowing responses diminished, and orientation responses towards the door increased along trials, concomitantly with correct responses acquisition.

Behavioral changes along escape learning in toads.

Current learning theories consider escape learning as a variation in response dominance into a [quot ]habit family[quot ]. These responses would integrate a repertory of [quot ]species-specific reactions[quot ] which is displayed when an aggressive or sudden stimulus is presented. We have found that toads (Bufo arenarum Hensel) show a clear correlation between escape learning performance and different rates of responses. Burrowing responses diminished, and orientation responses towards the door increased along trials, concomitantly with correct responses acquisition.

Behavioral changes along escape learning in toads

Current learning theories consider escape learning as a variation in response dominance into a [quot ]habit family[quot ]. These responses would integrate a repertory of [quot ]species-specific reactions[quot ] which is displayed when an aggressive or sudden stimulus is presented. We have found that toads (Bufo arenarum Hensel) show a clear correlation between escape learning performance and different rates of responses. Burrowing responses diminished, and orientation responses towards the door increased along trials, concomitantly with correct responses acquisition.