Short-term foot warming impacts foot sensitivity and body sway differently in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Aging is accompanied by loss of foot skin sensitivity and reduced postural control. Increasing foot temperature can improve both skin sensitivity and postural control in adults. However, it remains unclear whether similar effects can be observed in older adults. RESEARCH QUESTION: Can foot warming improve postural control in older adults, similar to observations in younger adults? METHODS: Two foot warming protocols were conducted in 18 older adults (14 women, 4 men) to increase foot temperature by using infrared radiation to (1) warm the plantar aspect and (2) the skin of the entire foot and ankle area. We assessed the foot skin sensitivity before and after warming, considering tactile stimulation and center of pressure (CoP) displacement during 30-s standing with eyes open and closed. RESULTS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Both foot warming protocols led to similar increases in skin temperature (∼6 °C) compared to the basal condition, but only warming the entire foot and ankle area increased foot sensitivity for the different regions assessed. No main effects or interactions were found for CoP variables in response to the two warming protocols. The short-term effects identified after warming the entire foot and ankle region suggest that this might be a strategy to improve skin sensitivity in older adults as observed in younger adults, but this was not the case for CoP. Future research should clarify whether the magnitude and long-lasting effects of warming could be determinant of CoP results.

Effects of increasing temperature in different foot regions on foot sensitivity and postural control in young adults.

Despite controversial evidence, foot sensitivity may influence postural control. Since skin temperature changes may induce changes in skin sensitivity, it remains unclear whether this also affects postural control. Here we examined the effects of increasing foot temperature on foot sensitivity and postural control responses. It is hypothesized that increases in foot temperature would improve foot sensitivity and enhance postural control. Furthermore, it was investigated whether warming a larger foot area provides additional benefits. Our hypothesis was tested by warming the foot plantar and the whole foot and ankle area (including foot plantar and instep) using infrared radiation and evaluated the center of pressure (CoP, bilateral, in two conditions: eyes open and eyes closed) and foot tactile sensitivity (Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments) in 22 young participants. Both warming protocols significantly increased foot temperature by ∼5-6 °C and improved sensitivity, whereas more considerable improvements happened after warming the whole foot and ankle. CoP mediolateral oscillation and velocity with eyes open, and CoP area and velocity with eyes closed reduced after both warming protocols. Foot sensitivity seems to depend on the foot area warmed, whereas postural control improved equally regardless of the warmed regions. These results may support interventions based on the manipulation of foot temperatures to improve postural control with potential clinical applications in populations with impaired foot sensitivity and balance.

Fracture Strength and Stress Distribution in Premolars Restored with Cast Post-and-Cores or Glass-Fiber Posts Considering the Influence of Ferule.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ferule and the post type on the fracture strength and stress distribution in premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty human mandibular premolars were decoronated, allocated in four groups, and restored as follows: CPC-NF: cast post-and-core and absence of ferule; CPC-F: cast post-and-core and presence of ferule; FPC-NF: glass-fiber posts and absence of ferule; FPC-F: glass-fiber posts and presence of ferule. The fracture strength (FS) and failure patterns were evaluated. Finite element analysis (FEA) evaluated the stress distribution. RESULTS: FS did not differ between CPCs and FPC either in presence or in absence of ferule. The presence of ferule increased FS with both post types. Mean values of FS for ferule groups were higher than functional or parafunctional loads reported in literature, which was not the case for FPC-NF when compared to parafunctional loads. FEA with a functional load showed slightly higher compressive stresses in dentin in the group CPC-NF, which was much lower than the compressive strength of dentin. Lower percentage of catastrophic failures was observed in nonferule groups irrespective of post type, which was explained by the stress concentration in the cervical root region when FEA with the FS load was simulated. CONCLUSION: Ferule effect was shown to be more important than post type in the analysis. Both posts showed potential to withstand functional loads irrespective of presence of ferule. However, the mean FS was lower than parafunctional loads for FPC in the absence of ferule.

Deficiência de vitamina B12 e fenilcetonúria / Vitamin B 12 deficiency and phenylketonuria

A fenilcetonúria, doença metabólica hereditária, autossômica recessiva, é a mais frequente das aminoacidopatias. Quando não diagnosticada e tratada precocemente, causa retardo mental grave. Os programas de triagem neonatal transformaram a histó- ria natural dessa doença, possibilitando o diagnóstico neonatal e a instituição imediata do tratamento dietético. Atualmente, os pacientes com controle adequado têm vida normal. Nas últimas décadas, alterações nutricionais têm sido relacionadas ao tratamento dietético e aos seus desvios, especialmente após a primeira década de vida. Neste artigo apresenta-se o caso de um adolescente que desenvolveu anemia megaloblástica por deficiente ingestão de vitamina B12 e uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema.(AU)

Phenylketonuria, inherited metabolic disease, autosomal recessive, is the most common of aminoacidopathies. If not diagnosed and treated early, causes severe mental retardation. The newborn screening programs have transformed the natural history of this disease, allowing the neonatal diagnosis and the immediate institution of dietary treatment. Currently, patients with adequate control have normal life. In recent decades, nutritional changes have been related to dietary treatment and its deviations, especially after the first decade of life. In this article we present the case of a teenager who developed megaloblastic anemia due to poor intake of vitamin B12 and a literature review on the topic(AU)

Origem das artérias celíaca e mesentérica cranial por tronco comum em cão / Origin of the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries by common trunk in a dog

Com o objetivo de relatar uma alteração vascular não descrita anteriormente na espécie canina, descreve-se neste trabalho a origem comum das artérias celíaca e mesentérica cranial através de um tronco comum em um canino (Canis familiares), sem raça definida, macho, adulto e de porte médio. Esta anomalia denominada então de tronco celíaco-mesentérico foi descrita em algumas espécies de animais domésticos, como em felinos, ovinos, caprinos e bovinos, e também em humanos. Essa alteração foi analisada, medida, documentada e descrita no presente trabalho. O conhecimento da presença do tronco celíaco-mesentérico em caninos contribuirá para um melhor entendimento das alterações anatômicas que possam ocorrer na vascularização da região abdominal desta espécie, bem como é de fundamental importância para realização de angiografias e procedimentos clínico-cirúrgicos que envolvam esta região.

This report describes a single origin of the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries through a common trunk in an adult, mongrel male dog (Canis familiares). This vascular alteration is not previosly known in the canine species. The abnormality is called celiac mesenteric trunk and was first described in some species of domestic animals, such as cats, sheep, goats, cows and also in humans. The alteration was analised, measured and described in this report. The knowledge of the presence of the celiac mesenteric trunk in dogs will contribute to a better understanding of the anatomical alterations that can occur in the vascularization of the abdominal region in dogs. The report is also important for angiographic and surgical procedures that involve this region.

Origem das artérias celíaca e mesentérica cranial por tronco comum em cão

This report describes a single origin of the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries through a common trunk in an adult, mongrel male dog (Canis familiares). This vascular alteration is not previosly known in the canine species. The abnormality is called celiac mesenteric trunk and was first described in some species of domestic animals, such as cats, sheep, goats, cows and also in humans. The alteration was analised, measured and described in this report. The knowledge of the presence of the celiac mesenteric trunk in dogs will contribute to a better understanding of the anatomical alterations that can occur in the vascularization of the abdominal region in dogs. The report is also important for angiographic and surgical procedures that involve this region.

Com o objetivo de relatar uma alteração vascular não descrita anteriormente na espécie canina, descreve-se neste trabalho a origem comum das artérias celíaca e mesentérica cranial através de um tronco comum em um canino (Canis familiares), sem raça definida, macho, adulto e de porte médio. Esta anomalia denominada então de tronco celíaco-mesentérico foi descrita em algumas espécies de animais domésticos, como em felinos, ovinos, caprinos e bovinos, e também em humanos. Essa alteração foi analisada, medida, documentada e descrita no presente trabalho. O conhecimento da presença do tronco celíaco-mesentérico em caninos contribuirá para um melhor entendimento das alterações anatômicas que possam ocorrer na vascularização da região abdominal desta espécie, bem como é de fundamental importância para realização de angiografias e procedimentos clínico-cirúrgicos que envolvam esta região.

Origem das artérias celíaca e mesentérica cranial por tronco comum em cão

This report describes a single origin of the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries through a common trunk in an adult, mongrel male dog (Canis familiares). This vascular alteration is not previosly known in the canine species. The abnormality is called celiac mesenteric trunk and was first described in some species of domestic animals, such as cats, sheep, goats, cows and also in humans. The alteration was analised, measured and described in this report. The knowledge of the presence of the celiac mesenteric trunk in dogs will contribute to a better understanding of the anatomical alterations that can occur in the vascularization of the abdominal region in dogs. The report is also important for angiographic and surgical procedures that involve this region.

Com o objetivo de relatar uma alteração vascular não descrita anteriormente na espécie canina, descreve-se neste trabalho a origem comum das artérias celíaca e mesentérica cranial através de um tronco comum em um canino (Canis familiares), sem raça definida, macho, adulto e de porte médio. Esta anomalia denominada então de tronco celíaco-mesentérico foi descrita em algumas espécies de animais domésticos, como em felinos, ovinos, caprinos e bovinos, e também em humanos. Essa alteração foi analisada, medida, documentada e descrita no presente trabalho. O conhecimento da presença do tronco celíaco-mesentérico em caninos contribuirá para um melhor entendimento das alterações anatômicas que possam ocorrer na vascularização da região abdominal desta espécie, bem como é de fundamental importância para realização de angiografias e procedimentos clínico-cirúrgicos que envolvam esta região.

Avaliação dos acidentes e complicações associados à exodontia dos 3os molares / Evaluation of the accidents and complications associated with third molar surgery

A exodontia dos terceiros molares é o procedimento mais realizado na especialidade da Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial. Neste trabalho foram avaliados os acidentes e complicações ocorridos durante 159 exodontias de terceiros molares realizadas em 83 pacientes. Como resultado, observamos que o trismo foi a principal complicação encontrada 15,66 por cento(13 pacientes), seguida da parestesia do nervo alveolar inferior com trismo 8,43 por cento(7 pacientes). Com relação à posição dentária, os dentes verticais erupcionados apresentaram-se em maior quantidade 27,67 por cento (44 dentes), sendo a técnica III associada à ostectomia e odontossecção utilizada na maioria dos casos 37,73 por cento (60 dentes).