Sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse e uso de drogas em universitários da área da saúde / Symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and drug use in health students / Sintomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés, y consumo de drogas en estudiantes del área de la salud

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar se os sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse estão relacionados com uso de álcool, tabaco e maconha em universitários da área da saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com 111 universitários matriculados em cursos da área da saúde de uma universidade da região metropolitana do Rio Grande do Sul. Os instrumentos foram Questionário de dados sociodemográficos, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados e correlação de Spearman para amostras não paramétricas. As drogas mais utilizadas foram álcool, tabaco e maconha, sendo o álcool o que mais pontuou. Houve correlações significativas entre o uso de drogas com sintomas de estresse e ansiedade. Destaca-se a necessidade de atentar para o uso de substâncias realizado por universitários da área da saúde, uma vez que esta pode acarretar danos à vida acadêmica, pessoal e profissional.

This study aimed to identify the relationship between anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms and alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use among healthcare university students. There were 111 students from healthcare courses of a private university from the state of Rio Grande do Sul's metropolitan region, Brazil, in the present sample. The instruments were sociodemographic questionnaire; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21); Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation analyses were done. The most frequently used drug was alcohol, followed by marijuana and tobacco. There were significant correlationsbetween substance use and stress and anxiety symptoms. It is evidenced that there is a need to pay attention to drug use among healthcare students, since such use can cause damage to academic, personal and professional life.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar si los síntomas de estrés, ansiedad, depresión, están relacionados con el uso de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana en estudiantes universitariosen el área de la salud. Esta es una encuesta de 111 estudiantes universitarios inscritos en cursos del area de la salud de una Universidad en la región metropolitana de Rio Grande do Sul. Instrumentos: Cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, Escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21), Prueba de detección de alcohol, tabaquismo y participación de sustancias (ASSIST). Se realizó análisis descriptivo de los datos y correlación de Spearman para muestras no paramétricas. Resultados: las drogas más utilizadas fueron alcohol, tabaco y marihuana, siendo el alcohol el que obtuvo la mayor puntuación. Hubo correlaciones significativas entre el uso de drogas con síntomas de estrés y ansiedad. Se destaca la necesidad de prestar atención al uso de substancias por parte de los estudiantes universitarios en el campo de la salud, ya que esto pueden causar daños a la vida académica, personal y profesional.

Relacionamento entre pai e mãe e consumo de álcool segundo relato de escolares de 12 a 14 anos do sul do Brasil / Parents’ relationship and their alcohol consumption as reported by 12 to 14 years old schoolchildren from southern Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a relação entre uma avaliação negativa do relacionamento entre pai e mãe e seu consumo de álcool segundo o relato de escolares de 12 a 14 anos do sul do Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal de base escolar, no qual foram visitadas todas as escolas dos municípios de Lajeado e Sapiranga, no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, em 2012, com amostragem aleatória, estratificada por sexo, idade, município e rede de ensino (pública estadual, pública municipal ou privada). Os dados foram submetidos a análise descritiva e a regressão de Poisson, com controle de efeito de delineamento para a variável escola. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 2.189 escolares, sendo 1.351 (61,7%) da cidade de Lajeado e 838 (38,3%) de Sapiranga. Não se identificou associação estatisticamente significativa entre consumo de álcool da mãe e relacionamento entre pai e mãe percebido como negativo. Já o consumo de álcool do pai reduziu a probabilidade de a relação entre ele e a mãe do escolar ser referida de modo negativo, na análise bruta [RP = 0,857 (IC95%: 0,744-0,988)]. Essa associação também desaparece na análise ajustada para sexo, idade e escolaridade do principal responsável. Conclusão Do conjunto dos relatos dos escolares, não se mantém qualquer associação entre o consumo de álcool dos adultos e relacionamentos avaliados pelos jovens como negativos. Há risco de haver dissonância entre essas evidências e as que embasam discursos que indicam riscos decorrentes do consumo de álcool para as relações familiares. Aprofundar estudos como esse pode ser oportuno para qualificar políticas públicas na área.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the relationship between parents’ relationship and their alcohol consumption as reported by students from 12 to 14 years old. Methods A cross-sectional school-based study was performed, visiting all schools of two towns in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil (2012), involving a sample stratified by gender, age, municipality and type of school (public or private). Data were submitted to descriptive and Poisson regression analysis with design effect control for the variable school. Results The sample consisted of 2,189 students who were 1,351 (61.7%) from the city of Lajeado and 838 (38.3%) from Sapiranga. No statistically significant association between mother’s alcohol consumption and relationship between father and mother perceived as negative was found. Father’s alcohol consumption reduced the likelihood of the relationship between him and the mother being reported as negative in the crude analysis [PR = 0.857 (95%CI: 0.744-0.988)]. This association also disappears when the analysis was adjusted by sex, age and education level of the main responsible in the family house. Conclusion There is a risk of strong dissonance between the perception the students have about the influence of adults’ alcohol beverage on the relationships in their homes and speeches aiming to show to schoolchildren that alcohol consumption is harmful to loving relationships and care.

Oral health-related quality of life is linked with subjective well-being and depression in early old age.

Although a body of research has targeted predictors of well-being and depression in old age, the consideration of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) as a predictor of these major psychosocial endpoints has been rare in the previous literature. The objective of this study was to test whether OHRQoL is associated with well-being and depression, after controlling for relevant confounders; also, the mediating role of subjective health, a major predictor of both well-being and depression, has been explored. OHRQoL was measured by two commonly used assessment instruments, the geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI) and oral health impact profile (OHIP); well-being was assessed by the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS) and depression by the self-rating depression scale (SDS). We used a subsample of 197 participants from the older cohort (1930-1932) of the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development. Regression models and structural equations modeling (SEM) were used for the test for study variable relationships. Both GOHAI and OHIP revealed significant associations to both PGCMS and SDS at the bivariate level. In regression analyses considering gender, household situation, subjective health, and both OHRQoL indicators, only OHIP remained a significant predictor of well-being and depression. In addition, supportive evidence for a mediating role of subjective health regarding the linkage between OHRQoL and an overall latent construct of well-being was found in the SEM analysis. In conclusion, OHRQoL is significantly linked with well-being and depression in old age, while subjective health is able to mediate the relationship. The generally underrated role of OHRQoL with respect to well-being and depression in late adulthood deserves more attention.

Is the emergence of functional ability decline in early old age related to change in speed of cognitive processing and also to change in personality?

OBJECTIVE: To test whether the onset of functional ability decline in early old age is related to change in speed of cognitive processing and personality characteristics. METHOD: Among 500 randomly sampled participants, the 230 cases that did not show impairment in functional ability were selected. Mean age at Time 1 was 62.4 years. For this subsample, the emergence of functional ability decline was tracked across a 12-year observation period. RESULTS: The emergence of functional ability decline was related to change in speed of cognitive processing. Decline in functional ability was also related to increased neuroticism and external control, whereas this was not the case regarding extraversion and internal control. DISCUSSION: Cognitive processing speed was shown to be a predictor of functional disability decline; in addition, the results provided initial evidence that functional ability decline in the early aging phase could be accompanied by changes in personality, particularly neuroticism and external control.

Dealing with negative life events: differential effects of personal resources, coping strategies, and control beliefs.

The study examines the extent to which resources, coping strategies, and control beliefs predict adaptation to negative critical life events. Specifically, we investigated the effects of basic resources (i.e., sociodemographics, cognition, health, social), coping (i.e., assimilative and accommodative coping), and control beliefs (i.e., internal control) as well as their interplay in the context of multiple negative events. Well-being served as an indicator of adaptation. Four hundred and twenty middle-aged participants of the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development (ILSE; Schmitt 2006) were assessed at two measurement occasions 4 years apart. Events and coping were assessed via interviews (e.g., assimilative coping: active problem-solving, goal-directed effort, social support; accommodative coping: reevaluation of situation, acceptance, and adjustment of standards). Participants experienced an average of six negative events between measurement occasions. Resources had positive relations to control beliefs, coping, and well-being. More resources were related to fewer negative events experienced later on. More negative events were linked to more coping and poorer well-being. Structural equation models showed that the effect of resources on well-being was mediated by assimilative coping. Subgroup analysis revealed that the beneficial effect of assimilation was restricted to individuals with high internal control beliefs. Although the relationship between events and coping did not differ between both groups, only individuals with high control beliefs benefited from assimilation, perhaps because they coped more effectively. In sum, investigating resources, coping, and control beliefs concurrently allows the identification of more complex effect patterns that enhance the understanding of individual differences in dealing with negative life events.

Marital interaction in middle and old age: a predictor of marital satisfaction?

Many studies point out the importance of marital satisfaction for well-being. However, although being married is still the norm in middle and old age, research on the determinants of marital satisfaction has neglected long-term marriages. While research on short-term marriages mainly focuses on partner fit (e.g., in personality traits and socio-economic status), marital interactions should be more important for marital satisfaction in long-term marriages. In this article we examine the role of both stable, dispositional factors and of marital interaction in predicting marital satisfaction in long-term marriages in middle and old age. With data from 588 married women and men in middle and old age who participated in the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development (ILSE), we examined age and gender differences in the role of socio-economic status, personality, and marital interaction as predictors of marital satisfaction. Results showed a) that socio-economic factors and personality played a minor role in predicting marital satisfaction, and b) that a high quality of dyadic interaction was particularly important for the marital satisfaction of women. The implications of these findings for future research and interventions on marital interaction in middle and old age are discussed.

Personality, aging self-perceptions, and subjective health: a mediation model.

Since the global item of subjective health has emerged as a strong predictor of important health outcomes such as mortality, there have been many attempts to uncover its correlates. In this study, we tested whether personality as assessed via the five-factor model of personality predicted subjective health when physician-rated health and depression were controlled for. We analyzed a cohort of 362 German community-dwelling 60-year-olds from the first wave of the ongoing Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on Aging. We found that neuroticism, but none of the other four personality factors, predicted subjective health. However, the association between neuroticism and subjective health was mediated by aging self-stereotypes (attitudes toward oneself as an aging person), which in recent studies have been shown to influence older individuals' health behaviors and functional health. The results indicate that those high in neuroticism tend to have more negative aging self-stereotypes; these aging self-stereotypes, in turn, seem to affect how those individuals globally perceive their own health. Unlike many predictors of subjective health, such as age, gender, socio-cultural differences, actual health, or personality traits, negative attitudes about one's own aging may be modified through adequate intervention.