RESUMO
A major consequence of aging and stress, in yeast to humans, is an increased accumulation of protein aggregates at distinct sites within the cells. Using genetic screens, immunoelectron microscopy, and three-dimensional modeling in our efforts to elucidate the importance of aggregate annexation, we found that most aggregates in yeast accumulate near the surface of mitochondria. Further, we show that virus-like particles (VLPs), which are part of the retrotransposition cycle of Ty elements, are markedly enriched in these sites of protein aggregation. RNA interference-mediated silencing of Ty expression perturbed aggregate sequestration to mitochondria, reduced overall protein aggregation, mitigated toxicity of a Huntington's disease model, and expanded the replicative lifespan of yeast in a partially Hsp104-dependent manner. The results are in line with recent data demonstrating that VLPs might act as aging factors in mammals, including humans, and extend these findings by linking VLPs to a toxic accumulation of protein aggregates and raising the possibility that they might negatively influence neurological disease progression.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Humanos , Animais , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Agregados Proteicos , Longevidade , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Replicação do DNA , Mamíferos/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Depression is associated with increased risk for obesity and worse weight loss treatment outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that delivering evidence-based behavior therapy for depression before a lifestyle weight loss intervention improves both weight loss and depression. DESIGN: In a randomized controlled trial, obese women with major depressive disorder (N=161, mean age=45.9 (s.d.: 10.8) years) were randomized to brief behavior therapy for depression treatment followed by a lifestyle intervention (BA) or a lifestyle intervention only (LI). Follow-up occurred at 6 and 12 months. Main outcome measures included weight loss and depression symptoms. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analyses revealed both conditions lost significant weight, but no differences between conditions in weight change at 6 months (BA=-3.0%, s.e.=-0.65%; LI=-3.7%, s.e.=0.63%; P=0.48) or 12 months (BA=-2.6%, s.e.=0.77%; LI=-3.1%, s.e.=0.74%; P=0.72). However, the BA condition evidenced significantly greater improvement in Beck Depression Inventory-II scores relative to the LI condition at both 6 months (BA mean change=-12.5, s.d.=0.85; LI mean change=-9.2, s.d.=0.80, P=0.005) and 12 months (BA mean change=-12.6, s.d.=0.97; LI mean change=-9.9, s.d.=0.93; P=0.045). Participants who experienced depression remission by 6 months (61.2%) lost greater weight (mean=-4.31%; s.e.=0.052) than those who did not (39.7%; mean=-2.47%, s.e.=0.53; P=.001). CONCLUSION: Adding behavior therapy to a lifestyle intervention results in greater depression remission but does not improve weight loss within 1 year. Improvement in depression is associated with greater weight loss.
Assuntos
Terapia Comportamental , Depressão/terapia , Obesidade/terapia , Redução de Peso , Programas de Redução de Peso , Adulto , Terapia Comportamental/métodos , Comorbidade , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/reabilitação , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Programas de Redução de Peso/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to compare obese patients screening positive or negative for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on pretreatment body mass index (BMI), weight loss following a 16 week clinic-based behavioral weight loss program, weight loss attempts, dietary and physical activity habits, perceived difficulty of weight control skills, and eating self-efficacy. DESIGN: Patients who completed a behavioral weight loss program were approached to complete questionnaires on ADHD and eating habits. Medical charts were reviewed to obtain weight at pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS: Participants (N=63) were 75% female, mean age was 49 (SD=10.3), mean body mass index (BMI) was 41.4 kg/m² (SD=6.8) and 30% screened positive for ADHD on the Adult ADHD Symptom Rating Scale. Participants screening positive for ADHD did not have a higher BMI at baseline (p=0.41), but reported more previous weight loss attempts (p=0.01) and lost less weight (p=0.02) than participants who screened negative. Participants screening positive also reported consuming fast food meals more frequently (p=0.04), higher levels of emotional eating (p=0.002), greater difficulty with weight control skills (p=0.01), and lower eating self-efficacy (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Attention-related problems appear to be common among weight treatment-seeking samples and represent a significant barrier to weight control that has not yet been addressed in the literature.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Obesidade/terapia , Autoeficácia , Adulto , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/complicações , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/fisiopatologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Dietoterapia/psicologia , Terapia por Exercício/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Therapeutic realizations are one of five universal, session-level change processes explicated in the Generic Model of Psychotherapy. Realizations refer to session impacts, the moment-to-moment accomplishments that patients experience within sessions. This study establishes the psychometric characteristics and factor structure of a modified patient-rated measure of session-level effects, the Therapeutic Realization Scale-Revised (TRS-R). In addition, it shows the relationship of the TRS-R to treatment process and outcome from the perspective of both patients and therapists. The findings provide support for the TRS-R as a reliable and valid, multidimensional index of session-level treatment effects.
Assuntos
Conscientização , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicoterapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Assistência Ambulatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Loth and Henneberg (1996, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 99:473-487) identified a single morphological feature of the mandible, the presence or absence of a distinct flexure or angulation of the posterior margin of the mandibular ramus at the level of the occlusal plane, which appears to be an extraordinarily accurate predictor of sex. Using only this feature, Loth and Henneberg were able to predict sex with 94% accuracy in a large sample of mandibles. In this article, we report the results of a blind test of mandibular ramus flexure as a predictor of sex. In our blind test, only 62.5% of the mandibles were correctly sexed, and virtually identical results were obtained when the same sample of mandibles was examined by a second observer. Overall, our results demonstrate that: 1) the association between ramus flexure and sex is weak; 2) the predictive accuracy of Loth and Henneberg's method is better than chance for only one sex, males; and 3) the method is based on a trait that cannot be reliably or consistently identified.
Assuntos
Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Adulto , Feminino , Antropologia Forense/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesAssuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Emergências , Otorrinolaringopatias/complicações , Adulto , Edema/complicações , Epistaxe/complicações , Feminino , Glote , Humanos , Veias Jugulares , Doenças da Laringe/complicações , Neoplasias Laríngeas/etiologia , Laringite/complicações , Masculino , Sarcoma de Kaposi/etiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/complicações , Veia Subclávia , Trombose/complicaçõesRESUMO
A prospective analysis of 124 consecutive adult patients undergoing tracheotomy was performed to examine the incidence of resulting complications. All tracheotomies were performed by a junior otolaryngology resident under the supervision of a member of the attending staff or a chief resident. The vast majority were performed at the bedside in an intensive care unit. The complications were divided into two groups: early (within 2 days) and late (2 to 14 days). Seven patients had complications directly related to tracheotomy. Four of these complications occurred in three patients and were considered significant. There were no mortalities. Despite the fact that our tracheotomies were routinely performed by residents at the bedside, our complication rate was comparable to those reported from other centers. We believe that bedside tracheotomy, properly supervised and performed, is a safe procedure.
Assuntos
Leitos , Internato e Residência , Otolaringologia/educação , Traqueotomia/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Hemorragia/etiologia , Humanos , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumotórax/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Traqueíte/etiologiaAssuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Criança , Feminino , HIV/imunologia , Homossexualidade , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , PesquisaRESUMO
Since December 1980, over 3000 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported. The charts of 102 patients admitted to the New York University Medical Center with a diagnosis of AIDS were reviewed with particular emphasis on presenting signs, symptoms, and laboratory values. Symptoms tended to be nonspecific and most often resembled those of an upper respiratory infection. Over 71% of the patients presented with at least two of the following four signs: diffuse adenopathy, oral and facial lesions consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma, white oral lesions, and anergy. Laboratory findings included leukopenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. The in-hospital mortality rate was 26%. The current status of our knowledge concerning AIDS is reviewed and discussed. The frequency and types of presenting signs and symptoms in the head and neck are reported to alert the otolaryngologic community to this entity.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/etiologia , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/patologia , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/etiologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/etiologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/patologia , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
A Norton metal endotracheal tube with a Merav parachute cuff cemented to the distal end has solved many of the problems involved in administration of anesthesia for laser surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract. The tube is fireproof and provides an air-tight seal for positive pressure ventilation without the impediment of a cuff channel. It is ideal for laser surgery of the oral cavity and pharynx and may be used effectively for glottic lesions in many instances.
Assuntos
Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Terapia a Laser , Anestesia por Inalação , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Lasers/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Needle aspiration biopsy for cytologic study is a simple, safe and accurate procedure for evaluation of cervical masses. It is a valuable initial step for evaluation of undiagnosed neck masses and is most efficacious for follow-up evaluation of patients previously treated for cancer. The procedure does not interfere with subsequent treatment. Information obtained from aspiration cytologic findings is used to plan subsequent evaluation and treatment in the simplest and most cost effective manner.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Biópsia por Agulha/métodos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , HumanosRESUMO
Since December 1980, over 2,000 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported. The charts of 72 patients admitted to the New York University Medical Center with a diagnosis of AIDS were reviewed with particular emphasis on presenting signs, symptoms and laboratory values. Symptoms tended to be non-specific and most often resembled an upper respiratory infection. Over 95% of the patients presented with either diffuse adenopathy, oral or facial lesions consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma, white oral lesions, or anergy. Laboratory findings included leukopenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thrombocytopenia and anemia. The in-hospital mortality rate was 26%. The current status of our knowledge concerning AIDS is reviewed and discussed. The frequency and types of presenting signs and symptoms in the head and neck are reported in order to alert the otolaryngologic community to this entity.