RESUMO
Different recombinant human erythropoietin products have been developed. Although they appear to have similar pharmacokinetics and function, these have not been directly compared. This randomized, double-blind, four-period crossover study compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and subcutaneous epoetin alfa and epoetin beta in 18 normal male volunteers. As a control, three subjects received placebo treatment. After intravenous administration, the steady-state volume of distribution and beta-phase volume of distribution of epoetin beta were 7.7% and 16.9% larger than for epoetin alfa (p less than 0.05). The terminal elimination half-life after intravenous administration of epoetin beta was 20% longer than the terminal elimination half-life of epoetin alfa. After subcutaneous administration there was a delayed drug absorption with epoetin beta compared with epoetin alfa (p less than 0.05). There was a small but significantly greater absolute reticulocyte response after subcutaneous epoetin beta compared with subcutaneous epoetin alfa. The findings support differences in the pharmacokinetics and function of epoetin alfa and beta that are possibly caused by differences in their glycosylation.
Assuntos
Eritropoetina/farmacocinética , Adolescente , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Método Duplo-Cego , Eritropoetina/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Injeções Subcutâneas , Masculino , Radioimunoensaio , Distribuição Aleatória , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
A randomized, investigator-blind study was conducted to compare the efficacy and skin tolerance of Cleocin T Topical 1 percent Solution and Cleocin T Topical 1 percent Lotion. Both treatments reduced acne lesion counts. More than 70 percent of the evaluable patients receiving each treatment reported that their acne improved by the end of the twelve-week study. Skin dryness was reported significantly more often by patients applying the solution than by those applying the lotion. This newly developed lotion formulation of topical clindamycin phosphate is equal in efficacy to, and appears to be less irritating than, Cleocin T Topical Solution.
Assuntos
Acne Vulgar/tratamento farmacológico , Clindamicina/análogos & derivados , Administração Tópica , Adolescente , Adulto , Clindamicina/administração & dosagem , Clindamicina/uso terapêutico , Clindamicina/toxicidade , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , SoluçõesRESUMO
Short-circuit current (SCC) techniques were used to monitor effects of various diuretic agents on Na+ transport in toad bladder and Cl- transport in toad cornea. In bladder, various agents from different "classes" of diuretics inhibited SCC whereas in cornea only "loop diuretics," i.e., those with a primary site of action in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, inhibited SCC. Classification of the diuretics based on sensitivity in cornea and bladder revealed that diuretics with a common renal site of action gravitated into common classification groups. Thus, our studies suggested that cornea may be a suitable model of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and that cornea and bladder, studied jointly, may serve as an in vitro system for predicting potential renal sites of action of new diuretics. This system, when used to characterize the new diuretic indanone, revealed that this agent, in all respects, displayed the characteristics of a loop diuretic.
