RESUMO
Research has shown that many factors affect cognitive functioning. In this study cognitive functioning was analyzed using proxy reports concerning 17,135 decedents included in the 1993 National Followback Mortality Study conducted for the National Center for Health Statistics. These responses form a representative sample of all U.S. residents over age 15 who died in 1993 (except for those in South Dakota, which did not participate). Decedents had more difficulty understanding where they were than remembering what year it was or in recognizing family members. Logistic regression models found that age, gender, and race were the most important predictors of these basic cognitive functions. Although increasing age was associated with more cognitive difficulties, men had fewer deficits than women and Black Americans tended to have fewer deficits than White Americans. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed as well as some general implications for health service provision.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/psicologia , Cognição , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Caracteres Sexuais , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , População Branca/psicologiaRESUMO
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) inhibits proliferation of Nb2 cells, a rat T lymphoma, in response to lactogens and interleukin-2. Prostaglandins may play an important role in the pathway through which TGF-beta exerts its inhibitory actions, because prostaglandin E2 also inhibits proliferation of Nb2 cells, and indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, reverses the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta on Nb2 cell proliferation.
Assuntos
Linfoma/patologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dinoprostona , Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Indometacina/farmacologia , Interleucina-2/farmacologia , Prolactina/farmacologia , Prostaglandinas/farmacologia , Prostaglandinas E/farmacologia , Ratos , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
C3H/HeJ male mice, an inbred strain showing retinal degeneration (rd), and normal-eyed DBA/IJ male mice were studied in a task requiring discrimination of horizontally and vertically oriented rectangles. The apparatus was modified Yerkes discrimination apparatus. The mice were given 30 days of discrimination training, 10 trials/day, after which 10 more trails were given on the 31st day with positive and negative cues reversed. Both strains showed a highly significant decrease in errors during acquisition, the rd strain making significantly fewer errors than the DBA/IJ animals. Reversal of the cues brought about a sharp increase in percentage of errors.
