[Ureteral valves: report of 3 cases]. / Valves urétérales: à propos de 3 cas.

Ureteric valves are a rare cause of upper urinary tract obstruction. The authors report 3 cases of ureteric valves: one discovered incidentally during assessment of abdominal trauma and two cases detected by antenatal ultrasound. The diagnosis of ureteric valves was suggested by urography in two cases and was confirmed by immediate preoperative retrograde ureteropyelography in all three cases. The three patients were treated by ureteric resection-anastomosis with a favourable outcome in each case. Based on a review of the literature, the authors discuss the diagnostic modalities and management of ureteric valves. They also discuss the embryological hypotheses concerning the formation of ureteric valves.

[Penile prostheses and infection]. / Prothèses péniennes et infection.

Infection of penile prostheses, estimated to occur in 3% of cases, represent the major complication of this type of prosthesis. Early sepsis occurs during the first week and presents in the form of frank clinical features (pain, erythema, penile discharge); highly virulent bacteria are isolated, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Late sepsis occurs after an interval of several weeks to several months with less specific clinical features; Staphylococcus epidermidis is isolated in more than 50% of cases. Conventional treatment of these infections consists of antibiotics adapted to the local flora and removal of the prosthesis, sometimes followed by deferred reimplantation. Prosthetic material salvage procedures are now proposed. Patient-related risk factors for infection include diabetes, urinary tract infection and immunodepression, while procedure-related risk factors include the length of hospital stay, poor operative technique, prolonged operating time and iatrogenic urethral injuries. Prevention of sepsis of penile prostheses is based on prevention of these risk factors and prophylactic antibiotics or prolonged antibiotic therapy.