1.
Phys Rev Lett
; 89(18): 181601, 2002 Oct 28.
Artigo
em Inglês
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-12398589
RESUMO
Many two-dimensional physical systems have symmetries which are mathematically described by quantum groups (quasitriangular Hopf algebras). In this Letter we introduce the concept of a spontaneously broken Hopf symmetry and show that it provides an effective tool for analyzing a wide variety of phases exhibiting many distinct confinement phenomena.