A role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor in B cell development.

In the present study, we demonstrated a significant reduction of B lymphocytes in the blood, spleen and bone marrow of BDNF deficient mice. The observed developmental block in bone marrow B cell development was linked specifically to the Pre-BII stage. B lymphocytes express the BDNF receptors p75NTR and TrkB(gp95), while no BDNF expression was found. However, a strong BDNF expression was demonstrated in bone marrow stromal cells. An increase of intracellular free calcium [Ca2+]i in B lymphocytes after BDNF application confirms a direct responsiveness of B lymphocytes to BDNF. In conclusion, these results suggest a role of BDNF for normal B lymphocyte development through paracrine effects in the bone marrow.

Cloning and expression of gallerimycin, an antifungal peptide expressed in immune response of greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella.

A novel defensin-like peptide was identified in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. It was discovered in a haemocyte cDNA bank enriched with transcripts upregulated after immune challenge via subtractive hybridisation and suppressive PCR. The deduced amino acid sequence of the defensin-like peptide exhibits similarities to the antifungal peptides drosomycin from Drosophila melanogaster and heliomicin from Heliothis virescens. Therefore, it has been termed gallerimycin. Upregulation of gallerimycin after stimulation of the immune system by LPS-injection was demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR. A full-size cDNA was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli Origami cells in order to obtain a functional peptide with disulfide bridges. The recombinant peptide was active against the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, but not against yeast, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.