Development of Radiofrequency Saturation Amplitude-independent Quantitative Markers for Magnetization Transfer MRI of Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND: In the United States, prostate cancer has a relatively large impact on men's health. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative marker for use in prostate cancer magnetization transfer (MT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that is independent of radiofrequency (RF) saturation amplitude. METHODS: Eighteen patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer were enrolled in this study. MTMRI images were acquired using four RF saturation amplitudes at 33 frequency offsets. ROIs were delineated for the peripheral zone (PZ), central gland (CG), and tumor. Z-spectral data were collected in each region and fit to a three-parameter equation. The three parameters are: the magnitude of the bulk water pool (Aw), the full width at half maximum of the water pool (Gw), and the magnitude of the bound pool (Ab), while, the slopes from the linear regressions of Gw and Ab on RF saturation amplitude (called kAb and kGw) were used as quantitative markers. RESULTS: A pairwise statistically significant difference was found between the PZ and tumor regions for the two saturation amplitude-independent quantitative markers. No pairwise statistically significant differences were found between the CG and tumor regions for any quantitative markers. CONCLUSION: The significant differences between the values of the two RF saturation amplitudeindependent quantitative markers in the PZ and tumor regions reveal that these markers may be capable of distinguishing healthy PZ tissue from prostate cancer.

Interaction of lipid vesicle with silver nanoparticle-serum albumin protein corona.

The physical interaction between a lipid vesicle and a silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-human serum albumin (HSA) protein "corona" has been examined. Specifically, the binding of AgNPs and HSA was analyzed by spectrophotometry, and the induced conformational changes of the HSA were inferred from circular dichroism spectroscopy. The fluidity of the vesicle, a model system for mimicking cell membrane, was found to increase with the increased exposure to AgNP-HSA corona, though less pronounced compared to that induced by AgNPs alone. This study offers additional information for understanding the role of physical forces in nanoparticle-cell interaction and has implications for nanomedicine and nanotoxicology.