RESUMO
Ovarian monitoring requires the determination of serum estradiol and progesterone levels. We investigated whole follicular steroidogenesis under rFSH in medically assisted procreation (MAP: 26 IVF, 24 ICSI) compared to 11 controls (IUI). Estrone, estradiol, Δ4-androstenedione, testosterone, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were measured by immunoassay and mass spectrometry except for estrogens. At the start of a spontaneous or induced cycle, steroids levels fluctuated within normal ranges: estradiol (314-585 pmol/L), estrone (165-379 pmol/L) testosterone (1.3-1.6 nmol/L), Δ4-androstenedione (4.5-5.6 nmol/L), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (2.1-2.2 nmol/L) and progesterone (1.8-1.9 nmol/L). 17-hydroxyprogesterone, Δ 4-androstenedione and estradiol predominated. Then estradiol and oestrone levels rise, but less markedly for oestrone in IUI. In MAP, rFSH injections induce a sharp increase in estrogens associated with a rise in 17-hydroxyprogesterone and Δ4-androstenedione levels, disrupting oestrogen/androgen ratios. rFSH stimulation induces an ovarian hyperplasia and Δ4pathway which could become abnormal. Determining 17-hydroxyprogesterone and Δ4-androstenedione levels with LC-MS/MS may therefore be useful in managing recurrent MAP failures.
Assuntos
17-alfa-Hidroxiprogesterona/sangue , Androstenodiona/sangue , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/farmacologia , Espectrometria de Massas , Folículo Ovariano/patologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperplasia , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
This article describes the results of a survey from graduate pharmacy students who completed a neurology/psychiatry course taught by a pharmacist and an osteopathic physician via the Internet. Seventeen practicing pharmacists completed the 11-week course, and thirteen students completed the survey provided at the end of the course. Results indicated that students were pleased with the course. Mean evaluation scores ranged from 4.31 to 4.77 on a five-point scale. Additionally, students indicated that the collaboration of medicine and pharmacy provided an educational model that should be duplicated for future courses.
Assuntos
Instrução por Computador/métodos , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Educação em Farmácia/métodos , Internet , Medicina Osteopática/educação , Adulto , Comportamento Cooperativo , Coleta de Dados , Avaliação Educacional , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interprofissionais , Masculino , OhioAssuntos
Bacteriocinas , Pseudomonas , Bacteriocinas/biossíntese , Bacteriocinas/classificação , Bacteriocinas/farmacologia , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Meios de Cultura , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Doenças das Plantas , Pseudomonas/classificação , Pseudomonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pseudomonas/metabolismo , Especificidade da Espécie , TemperaturaRESUMO
Ten bacteriophages for Xanthomonas phaseoli were characterized. On the basis of adsorption rates, latent period and burst size, plaque morphology, host range, efficiency of plating, ultrastructure, sensitivity to osmotic shock, streptomycin sensitivity, temperature effects on plating efficiency, and serology, the phages were separated into at least three groups. Some of the phages were infectious for Pseudomonas phaseolicola (four strains) and P. syringae (one strain) in a narrow temperature range. The taxonomic and ecological significance of this finding is discussed.
