Planificación de actividades de enseñanza en un currículo integrado: el riesgo de la "desintegración" / Planning activities within an integrated curriculum: the risk of "disintegration"

Introducción: en 2014, tras más de 10 años de comenzada la Carrera de Medicina en el Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (IUHIBA), en la comunidad educativa se comenzó a plantear la necesidad de realizar un cambio curricular con el objetivo de lograr la enseñanza de habilidades complejas en forma integrada para generar un aprendizaje significativo y un mayor desarrollo de competencias. El cambio curricular comenzó a implementarse en 2018. Propósitos: describir la experiencia de diseño de las actividades de enseñanza en un currículo integrado. Desarrollo: para el diseño de las actividades de cada módulo (de un cuatrimestre de duración) se conformaron grupos planificadores multidisciplinarios. El objetivo principal de la planificación fue que los estudiantes comenzaran a desarrollar las habilidades necesarias para poder llevar adelante las actividades profesionales (EPAs: Entrustable Professional Activities) al final de la carrera. Los escenarios donde transcurren las actividades del Ciclo Inicial son las sesiones de aprendizaje basado en problemas, los laboratorios para el desarrollo de habilidades, las charlas plenarias y la atención primaria orientada a la comunidad. Fueron definidas EPAs para desarrollarse en el Ciclo Inicial, que guiaron la planificación en diálogo con los contenidos seleccionados para el cuatrimestre. Para poder realizar un diseño integrado se estableció la relación de cada actividad con las de los módulos precedentes, retomando y complejizando los contenidos para que el diseño fuera espiralado. Conclusiones: el mayor desafío de esta experiencia radicó en que debimos sumergirnos en un nuevo paradigma. El principal logro como grupo planificador fue hacer propia esta nueva forma de enseñanza: basada en el alumno, en problemas, integrada, espiralada. Evaluaremos los resultados tras su implementación y rediseñaremos las actividades, de ser necesario. (AU)

Introduction: in 2014, after 10 years of the establishment of the School of Medicine at the Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (IUHIBA), the educational community identified the need to make a curricular change to teach complex skills in an integrated way to generate meaningful learning and further development of skills. The new curriculum was implemented in 2018. Purposes: to describe our experience in designing teaching activities for an integrated curriculum. Development: multidisciplinary planning groups were formed to design the activities of each four-month module. The main objective was for students to develop the skills necessary to carry out professional activities (EPAs: Entrustable Professional Activities) by the time of graduation. The "Initial Cycle" activities took place in four scenarios: (i) problem-based learning; (ii) skills lab (iii) forum discussions; and (iv) communityoriented education. The EPAs that would be acquired in the Initial Cycle were selected. Those EPAs, together with the contents selected for the semester guided the planning groups. To ensure an integrated design, the relationships of each module with the preceding one were established. We adopted a spiral design where we returned to the same topics at a deeper level and with more complexity. Conclusions: the greatest challenge was that this experience involved a paradigm change. Our main achievement was to adopt a new form of teaching that was student and problem based, within an integrated and spiral curriculum. We plan to evaluate the results after implementation and redesign the activities, if necessary. (AU)

Apreciación de los médicos residentes acerca de la supervisión de sus tareas por médicos mayores / Appreciation of resident doctors about the supervision of their tasks by senior doctors

Introducción. La educación en residencias médicas, tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de competencias. Para que esto ocurra los tutores deben reflexionar sobre su propia actividad docente. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer qué piensan los residentes del Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (HIBA) respecto de la supervisión que reciben. Material y métodos. Se realizó un cuestionario abierto no estandarizado sobre aspectos relevantes de la supervisión de los residentes. Las preguntas se enfocaron en la supervisión en general que reciben. Resultados. Se analizaron 14 cuestionarios. La supervisión en general, (11/14) fue considerada "adecuada", (refiriéndose a la posibilidad de consulta, supervisión constante en cirugías y buen clima de aprendizaje). Observaron falencias en la supervisión en guardia (5/14). Perciben un buen equilibrio entre autonomía alcanzada y la posibilidad de consulta. Sobre las devoluciones, todos consideran que deben ser oportunas (cercanas a la situación que está siendo evaluada), y destacan que no siempre es así (6/14). Las evaluaciones formativas son consideradas suficientes para valorar el desempeño de los residentes (8/14). La mayoría (9/14) proponen actividades de simulación y talleres de casos clínicos y temas básicos de obstetricia (5/14). Comentarios. La realización de este cuestionario permitió conocer la opinión de los residentes sobre aspectos relevantes de la enseñanza clínica y de la supervisión que reciben. Los resultados muestran que la supervisión en general ha sido considerada como positiva y que existe un buen clima de aprendizaje. (AU)

Introduction. The ultimate goal of medical education during residency is skill development. In order for this to occur, tutors must often reflect on their own teaching activity and experiences. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the residents of the Obstetrics Department of the Hospital Italiano of Buenos Aires (HIBA) perceive the supervision they receive from their elder staff. Materials and Methods. We developed an open non-standardized questionnaire detailing relevant aspects of resident supervision. The questions were specifically oriented towards the global aspects of the supervision process. Results. Fourteen questionnaires were analyzed. In general, 11 out of 14 described their supervision as "adequate" in terms of availability of advisory and consultation opportunities, constant supervision during surgical procedures and an encouraging learning environment. Several weaknesses were observed regarding supervision during active call duty (5/14). In general, a favorable balance is noted between resident autonomy and senior availability for consult. With regards to feedback, they all concur in saying that timing is key (ideally feedback should be offered in close proximity to the activity that is being supervised) and point out that this is not always the case (6/14). Formative assessments are globally considered adequate for resident evaluation (8/14). Most surveys suggest use of simulation activities and clinical case workshops regarding basic obstetric practice scenarios (9/14). Comments. The development of this questionnaire has given us great insight towards our residents' thoughts regarding clinical teaching and supervision. Results show that supervision is in general regarded as a positive experience and the learning environment is perceived as pleasant and nurturing. (AU)

Un novedoso proceso de consulta a los docentes para la definición del perfil de egresado en una carrera de medicina / An innovative process to include the Faculty input for the definition of medical graduate characteristics

INTRODUCCIÓN: La opinión de los diferentes actores es fundamental para el diseño curricular. El aporte de los docentes es especialmente desafiante para la definición del perfil del egresado en el nuevo currículo en nuestra facultad de medicina. MÉTODOS: Se desarrolló un dispositivo de 2 etapas para generar una lista de características del egresado que asegurara un alto consenso entre los docentes de la institución combinando sucesivamente la técnica nominal de grupo (dirigida a recabar todas las ideas que circulan entre los profesores sobre el perfil del egresado de la carrera de medicina) y de la técnica de Delphi (orientada a acordar y priorizar esas ideas). Fueron invitados a participar los 340 docentes a través de un mensaje electrónico. RESULTADOS: En la técnica nominal de grupo participaron 82 docentes repartidos en grupos de 10 participantes. Fueron generadas 553 ideas que fueron sintetizadas en 3 categorías con un total de 32 definiciones sobre las características del egresado. Del método Delphi participaron alrededor de 100 docentes en la primera ronda y unos 60 en la segunda. Según los criterios de acuerdo, luego de las 2 rondas quedaron incluidos 24 ítems y 9 fueron eliminados. Se elaboró una definición narrativa del perfil que se hizo circular entre toda la comunidad académica. CONCLUSIONES: Este proceso de 2 etapas permitió que, de una manera eficiente, se alcanzara la posibilidad de que todos los docentes de la institución universitaria pudieran participar de manera voluntaria y que se alcanzara un alto grado de acuerdo entre los que participaron efectivamente del proceso

INTRODUCTION: The input of the different stakeholders is fundamental for curriculum DESIGN: Faculty input is especially challenging for the definition of professional characteristics. METHODS: A 2-step process was designed to create a list of professional characteristics in order to ensure a high degree of consensus among faculties, combining nominal group technique (aimed to collect the Faculty ideas about professional characteristics¿ definition) and Delphi method (aimed to create consensus and set priorities in those ideas). All 340 faculties were invited to participate by an electronic message. RESULTS: In the nominal group technique, 82 faculties in 10 groups participated. More than 500 ideas were collected and synthesised in 3 categories with 32 ideas in each. In the Delphi method, 100 faculties in the first round and 60 in the second round participated. According to the agreement criteria, after the 2 rounds, 24 items were included and 9 were rejected. A narrative definition of the professional characteristics was composed and published to the academic community. CONCLUSIONS: This 2-step process efficiently allowed the voluntary participation of the Faculty and a major level of consensus was reached

[The portfolio in health sciences teacher education: a tool for learning and assessment]. / El portfolio en la formación docente en ciencias de la salud: una herramienta de aprendizaje y evaluación.

The Portfolio is an assessment tool of learning that recently appears in academic forums, and since 2008 is part of the University Teacher Education Program (Teaching Training) at University Institute of Hospital Italiano. Was included to allow teachers reflect on their own practices and accompany them in their educational work everyday. This paper shares the evaluative experience focused on the educational value of the writing process of the Portfolio, as long as is a reflection and a learning tool, by the relationship that promotes between theory and practice. Writing promotes psychological processes that enable students gain new meanings of the knowledge and take over them. At the same time, it can attend the construction of practical rationality that governs the ways of intervening in the classroom, because they write and reflect from their own teaching work. They have been introduced changes in the proposed during the course of its implementation to preserve its purposes: to accompany the draft review, jointly define index, etc. Students point that it is high impact training and conclude that writing is re-think about what they have learned, and therefore keep learning.

[Teacher education in health sciences: from prescribing to form]. / La formación docente en ciencias de la salud: de recetar a formar.

From the Pedagogical Advisory of Italian Hospital's University Institute is a need to develop training processes regarding teaching practices that promote changes in regular teaching proposals. Teachers "in training", involved in counseling under the Teacher Education Program, in most cases have a career in the practice of teaching. That's why it is intended to recover their experiences and, at the same time, conduct them to a critical analysis towards improving their daily work. In this paper we review, and consider the perspective of those who have been trained under this system, the principles supporting the pedagogical counseling approach: the dialectical relationship between theory and practice, the reflection on action, and interventions redefinitions towards maintaining and reviewing its educational purposes.

La formación docente en ciencias de la salud: de recetar a formar / [Teacher education in health sciences: from prescribing to form].

From the Pedagogical Advisory of Italian Hospital’s University Institute is a need to develop training processes regarding teaching practices that promote changes in regular teaching proposals. Teachers "in training", involved in counseling under the Teacher Education Program, in most cases have a career in the practice of teaching. That’s why it is intended to recover their experiences and, at the same time, conduct them to a critical analysis towards improving their daily work. In this paper we review, and consider the perspective of those who have been trained under this system, the principles supporting the pedagogical counseling approach: the dialectical relationship between theory and practice, the reflection on action, and interventions redefinitions towards maintaining and reviewing its educational purposes.

El portfolio en la formación docente en ciencias de la salud: una herramienta de aprendizaje y evaluación / [The portfolio in health sciences teacher education: a tool for learning and assessment].

The Portfolio is an assessment tool of learning that recently appears in academic forums, and since 2008 is part of the University Teacher Education Program (Teaching Training) at University Institute of Hospital Italiano. Was included to allow teachers reflect on their own practices and accompany them in their educational work everyday. This paper shares the evaluative experience focused on the educational value of the writing process of the Portfolio, as long as is a reflection and a learning tool, by the relationship that promotes between theory and practice. Writing promotes psychological processes that enable students gain new meanings of the knowledge and take over them. At the same time, it can attend the construction of practical rationality that governs the ways of intervening in the classroom, because they write and reflect from their own teaching work. They have been introduced changes in the proposed during the course of its implementation to preserve its purposes: to accompany the draft review, jointly define index, etc. Students point that it is high impact training and conclude that writing is re-think about what they have learned, and therefore keep learning.

El portfolio en la formación docente en ciencias de la salud: una herramienta de aprendizaje y evaluación. / [The portfolio in health sciences teacher education: a tool for learning and assessment].

The Portfolio is an assessment tool of learning that recently appears in academic forums, and since 2008 is part of the University Teacher Education Program (Teaching Training) at University Institute of Hospital Italiano. Was included to allow teachers reflect on their own practices and accompany them in their educational work everyday. This paper shares the evaluative experience focused on the educational value of the writing process of the Portfolio, as long as is a reflection and a learning tool, by the relationship that promotes between theory and practice. Writing promotes psychological processes that enable students gain new meanings of the knowledge and take over them. At the same time, it can attend the construction of practical rationality that governs the ways of intervening in the classroom, because they write and reflect from their own teaching work. They have been introduced changes in the proposed during the course of its implementation to preserve its purposes: to accompany the draft review, jointly define index, etc. Students point that it is high impact training and conclude that writing is re-think about what they have learned, and therefore keep learning.

La formación docente en ciencias de la salud: de recetar a formar. / [Teacher education in health sciences: from prescribing to form].

From the Pedagogical Advisory of Italian Hospitals University Institute is a need to develop training processes regarding teaching practices that promote changes in regular teaching proposals. Teachers "in training", involved in counseling under the Teacher Education Program, in most cases have a career in the practice of teaching. Thats why it is intended to recover their experiences and, at the same time, conduct them to a critical analysis towards improving their daily work. In this paper we review, and consider the perspective of those who have been trained under this system, the principles supporting the pedagogical counseling approach: the dialectical relationship between theory and practice, the reflection on action, and interventions redefinitions towards maintaining and reviewing its educational purposes.