Anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and its major component, citronellal, on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes.

This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and citronellal on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The substances were evaluated in vitro using adult worm motility test (AWMT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The acute toxicity test in mice and the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in sheep were performed. Citronellal was confirmed as the essential oil major constituent (63.9%). According to the AWMT, 2 mg/mL of essential oil and citronellal completely inhibited Haemonchus contortus motility at 6 h post exposure. H. contortus exposed to essential oil and citronellal exhibited internal ultrastructural modifications. The lethal dose 50 values in mice were 5,000 and 2,609 mg/kg for essential oil and citronellal, respectively. E. citriodora essential oil reduced sheep epg at 14 days post treatment by 69.5% (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in epg between the citronellal and negative control groups (P>0.05). The interaction between citronellal and other constituents in the essential oil may be relevant for its in vivo anthelmintic activity. Thus, E. citriodora essential oil and citronellal pharmacokinetic studies may help elucidate the anthelmintic activity of these compounds.

Anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and its major component, citronellal, on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes / Atividade anti-helmíntica do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora e seu componente majoritário, citronelal, sobre nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and citronellal on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The substances were evaluated in vitro using adult worm motility test (AWMT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The acute toxicity test in mice and the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in sheep were performed. Citronellal was confirmed as the essential oil major constituent (63.9%). According to the AWMT, 2 mg/mL of essential oil and citronellal completely inhibited Haemonchus contortus motility at 6 h post exposure. H. contortus exposed to essential oil and citronellal exhibited internal ultrastructural modifications. The lethal dose 50 values in mice were 5,000 and 2,609 mg/kg for essential oil and citronellal, respectively. E. citriodora essential oil reduced sheep epg at 14 days post treatment by 69.5% (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in epg between the citronellal and negative control groups (P>0.05). The interaction between citronellal and other constituents in the essential oil may be relevant for its in vivo anthelmintic activity. Thus, E. citriodora essential oil and citronellal pharmacokinetic studies may help elucidate the anthelmintic activity of these compounds.

Resumo Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade anti-helmíntica do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora e citronelal sobre nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos. A composição do óleo essencial foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. As substâncias foram avaliadas in vitro utilizando-se teste de motilidade de vermes adultos (AWMT) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM). Teste de toxicidade aguda em camundongos e teste de redução da contagem de ovos fecais (FECRT) em ovinos foram realizados. Citronelal foi confirmado como componente majoritário do óleo essencial (63,9%). No AWMT, 2 mg/mL de óleo essencial e citronelal inibiram completamente a motilidade de H. contortus 6 h pós-exposição. H. contortus expostos ao óleo essencial e citronelal exibiram modificações ultraestruturais internas. Os valores da dose letal 50 em camundongos foram 5.000 e 2.609 mg/kg para óleo essencial e citronelal, respectivamente. Óleo essencial de E. citriodora reduziu opg de ovinos 14 dias pós-tratamento em 69,5% (P<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa de opg entre grupo controle negativo e citronelal (P>0,05). A interação entre citronelal e outros constituintes do óleo essencial pode ser relevante na atividade anti-helmíntica in vivo. Portanto, avaliação farmacocinética do óleo essencial de E. citriodora e citronelal pode auxiliar a elucidar a atividade anti-helmíntica desses compostos.

Anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and its major component, citronellal, on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes / Atividade anti-helmíntica do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora e seu componente majoritário, citronelal, sobre nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos

This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and citronellal on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The substances were evaluated in vitro using adult worm motility test (AWMT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The acute toxicity test in mice and the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in sheep were performed. Citronellal was confirmed as the essential oil major constituent (63.9%). According to the AWMT, 2 mg/mL of essential oil and citronellal completely inhibited Haemonchus contortus motility at 6 h post exposure. H. contortus exposed to essential oil and citronellal exhibited internal ultrastructural modifications. The lethal dose 50 values in mice were 5,000 and 2,609 mg/kg for essential oil and citronellal, respectively. E. citriodora essential oil reduced sheep epg at 14 days post treatment by 69.5% (P 0.05). No significant differences were observed in epg between the citronellal and negative control groups (P>0.05). The interaction between citronellal and other constituents in the essential oil may be relevant for its in vivo anthelmintic activity. Thus, E. citriodora essential oil and citronellal pharmacokinetic studies may help elucidate the anthelmintic activity of these compounds.(AU)

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade anti-helmíntica do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora e citronelal sobre nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos. A composição do óleo essencial foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. As substâncias foram avaliadas in vitro utilizando-se teste de motilidade de vermes adultos (AWMT) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM). Teste de toxicidade aguda em camundongos e teste de redução da contagem de ovos fecais (FECRT) em ovinos foram realizados. Citronelal foi confirmado como componente majoritário do óleo essencial (63,9%). No AWMT, 2 mg/mL de óleo essencial e citronelal inibiram completamente a motilidade de H. contortus 6 h pós-exposição. H. contortus expostos ao óleo essencial e citronelal exibiram modificações ultraestruturais internas. Os valores da dose letal 50 em camundongos foram 5.000 e 2.609 mg/kg para óleo essencial e citronelal, respectivamente. Óleo essencial de E. citriodora reduziu opg de ovinos 14 dias pós-tratamento em 69,5% (P 0,05). Não houve diferença significativa de opg entre grupo controle negativo e citronelal (P>0,05). A interação entre citronelal e outros constituintes do óleo essencial pode ser relevante na atividade anti-helmíntica in vivo. Portanto, avaliação farmacocinética do óleo essencial de E. citriodora e citronelal pode auxiliar a elucidar a atividade anti-helmíntica desses compostos.(AU)

Tratamento fitoterápico de urolitíase com Cranberry em um porquinho-da-índia / Phytotherapeutic treatment of urolithiasis with Cranberry in a guinea pig

Urolithiasis is a common disease in rodents, characterized by the formation of urolith in the urinary system. It is commonly diagnosed in guinea pigs, which are susceptible to urolith formation. The present study reports a case of urolithiasis in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), which when confirmed with the use of an ultrasound, was treated with Cranberry and dipyrone, the treatment was effective after the elimination of the identified calculus, 4 days atfer the treatment started.(AU)

Esteatose hepática em papagaio-verdadeiro / Hepatic steatosis in a blue fronted Amazon parrot

Hepatic steatosis is also known as fatty liver, hepatic lipidosis, fatty degeneration and is very common in captive parrots, especially in parrots of the genus Amazona. Its etiology is multifactorial, and the excessive consumption of high fat food associated with the sedentary lifestyle are the main predisposing factors. The present study reports a case of hepatic steatosis in a blue fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva), which due to the severity of the case, died a few hours after starting treatment and had its diagnosis confirmed through necropsy and histopathological exams.(AU)

Atropelamento de serpente Boa constrictor: ameaça à manutenção do ambiente selvagem no campus do Itaperi / Snake Boa constrictor running over: Threat to the maintenance of the wild environment in Campus of Itaperi

Os atropelamentos são causas frequentes de óbito da fauna silvestre em refúgios urbanos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de atropelamento de Boa constrictor, pertencente à fauna nativa do campus do Itaperi da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE) em Fortaleza, discutindo suas implicações quanto às estratégias de preservação da fauna. O exame post mortem foi efetuado mediante a confirmação da morte do animal, sendo colhidos fragmentos de órgãos para o exame histopatológico. Adicionalmente, foi performado um estudo ambiental do local do atropelamento, baseado em mensurações sucessivas e periódicas da temperatura de superfície em diferentes áreas. Os achados de necropsia e histopatológicos foram condizentes com a suspeita inicial de atropelamento, demonstrando sinais de politraumatismo. Dessa forma, os atropelamentos da fauna silvestre dentro do campus do Itaperi denunciam a escassa conscientização do público universitário, assim como, a necessidade da promoção de levantamentos populacionais e a implantação de medidas de segurança e fiscalização dentro do campus. A elaboração de um plano de manejo e de ações de educação ambiental por órgãos governamentais, com o apoio da comunidade científica, constituem a principal medida de proteção da fauna nessas áreas urbanas.(AU)

Road killings are frequent causes of death of wildlife in urban refuges. The objective of this work was to report a case of trampling of Boa constrictor, belonging to the native fauna of the Itaperi campus of the Ceará State University (UECE) in Fortaleza, discussing its implications about the strategies for the preservation of the fauna. The post mortem exam was performed after the confirmation of the animal death, being collected fragments of organs for histopathology. Additionally, it was performed an environmental study of the running over site based on successive and periodic measurements of the surface temperature of different areas. The necropsy and histopathological findings were consistent with the initial suspicion of running over, demonstrating signs of polytrauma. In this way, the running over of wildlife inside the Itaperi campus denounces the scarce awareness of the University users, as well as the need to promote the population survey and implement safety and surveillance measures on campus. The elaboration of a management plan and actions of environmental education by governmental organs with the support of the scientific community are the main measure for the protection of fauna in these urban areas.(AU)

Atropelamento de serpente Boa constrictor: ameaça à manutenção do ambiente selvagem no campus do Itaperi / Snake Boa constrictor running over: Threat to the maintenance of the wild environment in Campus of Itaperi

Os atropelamentos são causas frequentes de óbito da fauna silvestre em refúgios urbanos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de atropelamento de Boa constrictor, pertencente à fauna nativa do campus do Itaperi da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE) em Fortaleza, discutindo suas implicações quanto às estratégias de preservação da fauna. O exame post mortem foi efetuado mediante a confirmação da morte do animal, sendo colhidos fragmentos de órgãos para o exame histopatológico. Adicionalmente, foi performado um estudo ambiental do local do atropelamento, baseado em mensurações sucessivas e periódicas da temperatura de superfície em diferentes áreas. Os achados de necropsia e histopatológicos foram condizentes com a suspeita inicial de atropelamento, demonstrando sinais de politraumatismo. Dessa forma, os atropelamentos da fauna silvestre dentro do campus do Itaperi denunciam a escassa conscientização do público universitário, assim como, a necessidade da promoção de levantamentos populacionais e a implantação de medidas de segurança e fiscalização dentro do campus. A elaboração de um plano de manejo e de ações de educação ambiental por órgãos governamentais, com o apoio da comunidade científica, constituem a principal medida de proteção da fauna nessas áreas urbanas.

Road killings are frequent causes of death of wildlife in urban refuges. The objective of this work was to report a case of trampling of Boa constrictor, belonging to the native fauna of the Itaperi campus of the Ceará State University (UECE) in Fortaleza, discussing its implications about the strategies for the preservation of the fauna. The post mortem exam was performed after the confirmation of the animal death, being collected fragments of organs for histopathology. Additionally, it was performed an environmental study of the running over site based on successive and periodic measurements of the surface temperature of different areas. The necropsy and histopathological findings were consistent with the initial suspicion of running over, demonstrating signs of polytrauma. In this way, the running over of wildlife inside the Itaperi campus denounces the scarce awareness of the University users, as well as the need to promote the population survey and implement safety and surveillance measures on campus. The elaboration of a management plan and actions of environmental education by governmental organs with the support of the scientific community are the main measure for the protection of fauna in these urban areas.

Esteatose hepática em papagaio-verdadeiro / Hepatic steatosis in a blue fronted Amazon parrot

Hepatic steatosis is also known as fatty liver, hepatic lipidosis, fatty degeneration and is very common in captive parrots, especially in parrots of the genus Amazona. Its etiology is multifactorial, and the excessive consumption of high fat food associated with the sedentary lifestyle are the main predisposing factors. The present study reports a case of hepatic steatosis in a blue fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva), which due to the severity of the case, died a few hours after starting treatment and had its diagnosis confirmed through necropsy and histopathological exams.

Tratamento fitoterápico de urolitíase com Cranberry em um porquinho-da-índia / Phytotherapeutic treatment of urolithiasis with Cranberry in a guinea pig

Urolithiasis is a common disease in rodents, characterized by the formation of urolith in the urinary system. It is commonly diagnosed in guinea pigs, which are susceptible to urolith formation. The present study reports a case of urolithiasis in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), which when confirmed with the use of an ultrasound, was treated with Cranberry and dipyrone, the treatment was effective after the elimination of the identified calculus, 4 days atfer the treatment started.