Timing and treatment sequence in the management of odontomas associated with impacted teeth: A literature review and report of two cases.

AIM: This study aims to highlight the importance of early diagnosis, timing, optimal treatment sequence and multidisciplinary approach as key factors in the orthodontic management of impacted and retained teeth associated with odontomas. METHODS: Literature about classification, epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, histopathology and therapeutic options about odontomas and impacted teeth in orthodontics was reviewed. Two case reports are presented, showing different timing in diagnosis and surgical removal of odontomas and some biomechanical approaches. CONCLUSION: An early removal of the odontoma is certainly a more effective and simpler procedure in the approach to this problem.

[Head posture in orthodontics: physiopathology and clinical aspects 2]. / Considerazioni sulla postura del capo in ortognatodonzia: fisiopatologia ed aspetti clinici. Nota II.

The Authors review in orthodontic respects present knowledges about head posture involvement in craniofacial morphogenesis and pathology. Relationships between craniofacial morphology, craniocervical posture, craniomandibular posture, cervical spine curvature, hyoid bone position and posture of whole body in space are shown, in attempt to explain conditions such as "forward head posture", mouth breathing and some occlusal disorders. Main methods to evaluate craniocervical relations on lateral skull radiographs are analysed. Pathogenesis of pain syndromes associated with abnormal craniocervical and craniomandibular mechanics are also briefly treated.

Preliminary pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of ofloxacin in dental and oral cavity diseases.

In 14 healthy volunteers (8 M and 6 F), aged 19 to 33 years, serum and salivary concentrations of ofloxacin, administered in a single oral dose of 300 mg, were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the microbiological agar diffusion method. The serum peak was observed at hour 1 (2.61 +/- 0.17 micrograms/ml), with a T1/2 of 4.14 h, a Kel of 0.167 h-1 and AUC of 15.07 micrograms/ml.h. The peak salivary concentration, obtained at hour 2, was 1.96 micrograms/ml, with a T1/2 of 4.40 h. Twenty dental patients (12 M and 8 F), aged 18 to 37 years, with various diseases, were treated orally with ofloxacin 600 mg/day for a period of four to six days. The clinical response proved excellent in one case, good in 16, fair in two and poor in one, with 85% efficacy rating. In five of these patients, ofloxacin concentrations in gingival tissue and alveolar bone were found to be 1.90 +/- 0.09 micrograms/g and 1.58 +/- 0.06 micrograms/g, respectively, while serum and salivary assays by HPLC confirmed the previous results. No changes of importance in haematochemical parameters were found in any of the patients. One patient only presented with diarrhoea and a skin rash which promptly cleared on discontinuing the therapy. Ofloxacin for its spectrum of action and good diffusion in the salivary and parodontal tissue compartment can be considered an useful tool in oral chemo-antibiotic therapy.