[External respiratory function in stages I and II arterial hypertension]. / Funktsiia vneshnego dykhaniia pri arterial'noi gipertonii I i II stepeni.

AIM: To examine external respiratory function (ERF) and pulmonary circulatory hemodynamics in patients with Stages I and II arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 105 patients with AH were examined. In 43 of them, spirography and echocardiography were performed with pulmonary pressure and determined during elevated blood pressure (BP) and antihypertensive therapy. RESULTS: ERF disorders that recovered with BP lowering were detected in 62.8% of patients with AH. There were also signs of elevated pulmonary pressure. CONCLUSION: In patients with HF, pulmonary hemodynamic disorders, changes in ERF, and the degree of AH are closely interrelated.

[Chronic nonspecific lung diseases in workers in the gold-mining industry]. / Khronicheskie nespetsificheskie zabolevaniia legkikh u rabotnikov zolotodobyvaiushchei otrasli.

AIM: Assessment of prevalence, specific characteristics of chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases (CNPD) in gold-miners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The examination of a therapist, otorhinolaryngologist, ophthalmologist, total blood count, urinalysis, computer spirography, chest fluorography and ECG were included in the survey covering 1110 gold miners 18-65 years of age. 78.56% of them were exposed to occupational hazards. RESULTS: CNPD were diagnosed in 362 (33.62%) examinees, 279 (25.14%) demonstrated symptoms of prebronchitis. Most of CNPD patients were at the age from 30 to 59 years. The majority of them worked in detrimental conditions 10 years and longer. Among CNPD-free subjects were those exposed to the risk factors for up to 5 years. Prebronchitis developed in those who worked at least 5 years. Such risk factors as occupational hazards, smoking, bronchopulmonary lesions in close relatives, frequent acute respiratory infections, allergy, abnormalities of the upper respiratory tracts contributed to the onset of CNPD. Combination of 3 and more risk factors led to CNPD most often. 45 patients (20 with prebronchitis and 25 with chronic bronchitis) were treated with a positive effect. Rehabilitation measures comprised physiotherapy, massage, respiratory exercise, inhalation of anticholinergic and mucolytic drugs. CONCLUSION: In gold miners examined CNPD occurred in 32.62%. CNPD occurrence correlated with duration of service. 25% of the examinees had prebronchitis which arose after 5-6 years of work in detrimental conditions. This is just the time for measures to prevent chronic bronchitis.

[Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in renal affections of exotoxic etiology]. / Pereokisnoe okislenie lipidov i sistema antioksidatnoi zashchity pri porazheniiakh pochek ekzotoksicheskoi etiologii.

Exogenic poisoning is often complicated by toxic nephropathy pathogenesis of which remains obscure. In view of this, the authors have performed a clinical study of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) in acute exogenic poisoning with renal lesion. Acute poisoning results in LPO activation and inhibition of AOD enzymes activity. Emerging toxic nephropathy aggravates disorders in the system LPO-AOD actively participating in pathogenesis of this complication.

[Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of splenomegaly]. / Trudnosti differentsial'noi diagnostiki splenomegalii.

The authors discuss diagnostic difficulties that may occur in the interpretation of splenomegaly. In some cases, other tumorous formations, palpable in the left hypochondrium (renal tumor and retroperitoneal fibroma in cases demonstrated) may be taken for splenomegaly. In other cases, diagnostic difficulties may be related to establishing the cause of genuine splenomegaly. Out of 10 patients with genuine splenomegaly, the cause of which could not be ascertained at the prehospital stage, the enlargement of the spleen in 2 was due to liver cirrhosis, in 3, to subleukemic myelosis, in 1, to splenic tuberculosis, in 2, to multiple capillary angiomas of the spleen, in 1, to chronic monocytic leukemia, and in 1 patient, to splenic echinococcosis. In 3 patients out of the 10, the diagnosis was verified by surgery followed by histological examination of the spleen. The conclusion is made about the necessity of the use of clinical and laboratory examinations, of patients with obscure "splenomegaly" together with the use of x-ray and ultrasonography of the spleen, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, puncture of the bone marrow and spleen. In some cases, splenectomy may be performed along with histological examination of the spleen as the final stage of differential diagnosis of splenomegalies.

[Several aspects of alcohol use among students]. / Nekotorye aspekty upotrebleniia alkogolia studentami.

1458 students were surveyed by using the method of anonymous questionnaires. It was found that 35.3 percent of students consumed alcohol, and the incidence of alcohol abuse was increasing with years of study. The majority of students (62 percent) started to drink at the age of 15-18. Notwithstanding, only one-fourth of students received information on harmful effects of alcohol abuse at school, from teachers. All this necessitated to search for effective methods of early identification of alcoholization, and also more effective forms of anti-alcoholic education, more active involvement of students in these activities, in the struggle for healthy lifestyle.

[Detection of pathology of the urinary system in students during preventive mass screening]. / Vyiavlenie patologii organov mochevoi sistemy u studentov v usloviiakh massovogo profilakticheskogo osmotra.

Screening tests including the questionnaire method, urine analysis and radiorenography were used during mass screening of 1330 students. Comparison of the results of the first two methods showed a good informative value of the questionnaire method for the detection of pathology of the kidneys and urinary tracts. Radiorenography performed in 106 students with the detected nephrological symptom complex (risk group) revealed some changes practically in every other "risk group" student.

[The state of cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific resistance and immunologic reactivity in chronic pyelonephritis]. / Sostoianie kletochnykh i gumoral'nykh faktorov nespetsificheskoi rezistentnosti i immunologicheskoi reaktivnosti pri khronicheskom pielonefrite.

Chronic pyelonephritis at the stage of exacerbation is accompanied by the development of combined immunodeficiency characterized by the inhibition of some humoral factors of nonspecific resistance, a decrease in the functional potential of the system of neutrophilic phagocytosis, quantitative deficiency of the circulating pool of thymus-dependent lymphocytes and a decrease in their functional activity combined with disturbance of antibody genesis. Immunomodulating therapy against a background of multiple modality therapy of disease was proposed.

[Circulatory failure in chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis]. / Nedostatochnost' krovoobrashcheniia u bol'nykh khronicheskim glomerulo- i pielonefritom.

The frequency and degree of circulatory insufficiency depending on the stage of the disease are analyzed in 404 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and 145 patients with chronic pyelonephritis aged 15 to 74 years. When the renal function is still preserved different degrees of circulatory insufficiency are diagnosed in 29.4% of patients. Circulatory insufficiency complicates more often chronic glomerulonephritis than pyelonephritis and is more common in the aged. Latent cardiac insufficiency is more common. In the period of chronic renal insufficiency cardiac decompensation is seen in 78.1% of cases, its frequency is practically the same in glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis. The mechanisms of development of cardiac insufficiency and the principles of treatment depending on the functional state of the kidneys are discussed.