[The validation of a rapid diagnostic method for urinary infection in the school-age population]. / Validación de un método de diagnóstico rápido de infección urinaria en población escolar.

Validity of visual reading of a reactive strip is measured, in comparison with automatized reading and the exam of the urinary sediment, in 562 school pupils with ages between 6 and 16 years. Using urine culture as standard reference, sensibility of the leukocyte-esterase (L-E) test, nitrites and red cells was 66.7%, 33.3% and 66.7% respectively, for the visual reading; 66.7%, 33.3% and 33.3% for automatized reading, respectively; and 66.7% for leukocyturia, and 33.3% for hematuria in the urine sediment. Specificity of tests was 84.9%, 99% and 42.7% for L-E, nitrites and red cells, in visual reading; 92.5%, 100% and 80.8% for the same tests in automatized reading, and 94.5% (leukocyturia) and 86.3% (red cells) in the urinary sediment. Validity of these diagnostic methods results different depending on the population they are applied to. Even though the multi-urine test is still the most effective test in a symptomatic population and the less expensive, it would be not recommendable its use as a screening test in a school population with hidden urinary infection.

[Idiopathic cerebral hernia in the middle ear]. / Herniación cerebral idiopática en oído medio.

Idiopathic brain herniation into the middle ear and the mastoid process is an infrequent condition. There are only 29 cases reported in the world literature covering the last 40 years. The paper inform on one of those cases, a man, of spontaneous encephalocele and deals with the pathogenesis, the clinical features and the suitable surgical approach.

[Sarcoidosis as a cause of paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Presentation of a case]. / Sarcoidosis como causa de parálisis del nervio laringeo recurrente. Presentación de un caso.

A patient with Sarcoidosis presented with hoarseness in the course of the disease, caused by mediastinal adenopathies compressing the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Vocal cord paralysis is an unusual complication of sarcoidosis. We have found in the consulted worldwide bibliography on the subject only four cases of sarcoidosis with mediastinal enlarged lymph nodes causing compression of the left recurrent nerve and subsequently vocal paralysis.