RESUMO
This study aimed to determine whether sodium valproate (VPA) improves cognitive performance and behaviour in children with learning and behavioural problems associated with electrographic epileptiform discharges but without clinical seizures. A randomized, double-blind, single-crossover trial was carried out with VPA or placebo on eight participants with different learning and behaviour problems. Participants also underwent neuropsychological testing under video EEG and the parent and teacher Behaviour Check List (CBCL; Achenbach 1991a, b) during each treatment phase. Clinically none of the children improved on VPA. On formal testing children were more distractable, had increased delay in response time, and showed lower memory scores while on VPA. In addition, parents reported higher internalizing scores on the CBCL while children were on VPA. Our data do not support the use of VPA in similar patients.
Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/complicações , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêutico , Atenção , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/etiologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/etiologia , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study examined factors associated with the utilization of universally available school-based parent training. In a randomly selected, prospectively screened, unreferred community sample of 1,498 5- to 8-year-olds, 28% to 46% of families of children with high parent-reported externalizing problems enrolled. Externalizing problems, first-child status, and a high school education were associated with increased enrollment. Single-parent status, immigrant background, and limited extracurricular child activities were associated with lower enrollment. Economic disadvantage, stress, family dysfunction, and parental depressive symptoms were not associated with participation. Most families attributed nonparticipation to busy personal schedules, inconvenient times, and logistical difficulties.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Deficit da Atenção e do Comportamento Disruptivo/prevenção & controle , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Pais/educação , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Programas Médicos Regionais/organização & administração , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ontário , Vigilância da População , Estudos de Amostragem , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
Forty-eight migrant greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca, collected from southwestern Texas and southeastern New Mexico were examined for metazoan parasites. Nine helminth and 7 ectoparasite species were collected. Five new host records were recorded. The helminth fauna showed little diversity, little concentration for dominance, and no significant positive or negative associations between species were found. All species of helminths showed a contagious distribution. The component helminth community consisted of 2 core, 3 secondary, and 4 satellite species, and there was no host specialist. A checklist of metazoan parasites reported from greater yellowlegs in North America is included.
