RESUMO
The purpose of this research was to evaluate toxicity of uncoated magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs), MgO NPs coated with Peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectin, and PNA alone on the promastigotes of Leishmania major (L. major) and macrophages of BALB/c mice. On the other hand, antileishmanial property of uncoated MgO NPs, lectin coated MgO NPs, and PNA lectin alone was evaluated, and also macrophage activation was investigated after treatment with these materials by measurement of nitrite, H2O2, and some interleukins. This study showed that PNA lectin and lectin coated MgO NPs had approximately no toxicity on L. major and macrophages, but some toxic effects were observed for uncoated MgO NPs, especially at concentration of 500 µg/mL. Interestingly, lectin coated MgO NPs had the highest antileishmanial activity and macrophage activation, compared with uncoated MgO NPs and PNA lectin.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Óxido de Magnésio/farmacologia , Nanopartículas , Aglutinina de Amendoim/química , Animais , Antiprotozoários/administração & dosagem , Antiprotozoários/toxicidade , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Leishmania major/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação de Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo , Óxido de Magnésio/administração & dosagem , Óxido de Magnésio/toxicidade , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Nitritos/metabolismoRESUMO
The shape of nanoparticles is an important determinant of their physical and chemical properties, possibly including the little-explored area of their use as antifungal agents. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitro antifungal activities of three different shapes of silver and gold nanostructures, including nanocubes, nanospheres, and nanowires, on Candida albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, using the microdilution and disk diffusion methods as per the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. We found that silver and gold nanocubes had higher antifungal properties against the test species than nanospheres and nanowires. While some isolates were resistant to silver and gold nanospheres and nanowires, none of the isolates were resistant to silver and gold nanocubes. The occurrence of resistance is a new finding which should be further explored.