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1.
J Sex Med ; 21(2): 129-144, 2024 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38055615

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Research suggests that COVID-19 impairs sexual function in men, but little is known about the impact of COVID-19 (or long COVID) on sexual function in women. AIM: We sought to compare the sexual function of cisgender women who had never had COVID-19, who had COVID-19 but not long COVID, and who had long COVID, and assessed whether long COVID symptoms and/or emotional distress mediate the relationship between COVID-19 history and sexual function. METHODS: In total, 2329 adult cisgender women were recruited online as study participants. Half of these women reported having had COVID-19, and the other half reported never having had COVID-19. Of those who had COVID-19, 25% (n = 170) reported having long COVID. We compared the mean Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores by using t-tests for each of the primary comparison categories (never COVID vs COVID and only COVID vs long COVID). Four path models were used to test the hypotheses that (1) long COVID symptoms or (2) depression, anxiety, and/or stress assessed with the subscales of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) mediated the relationship between COVID-19 and sexual function. OUTCOMES: Sexual function was measured with the FSFI, long COVID symptoms were assessed using the Centers for Disease Control working symptom set, and emotional distress was measured with the DASS-21. RESULTS: In total, 1313 participants provided data suitable for analysis. The never-COVID group (n = 645, 49.1%) had higher scores on the Desire, Arousal, Lubrication, and Satisfaction subscales of the FSFI (mean [M] [SD] FSFI total Mnever COVID = 27.98 [4.84] vs MCOVID = 27.05 [5.21]) than the combined only-COVID (n = 498, 37.9%) and long-COVID (n = 170, 12.9%) groups. The FSFI subscale scores were significantly higher in the only-COVID group than in the long-COVID group for the Arousal, Lubrication, and Orgasm and lower for the Pain subscales and higher for overall sexual function (FSFI total Monly COVID = 27.49 [5.00] vs Mlong COVID = 25.77 [5.61]. None of the proposed mediation models had adequate model fit. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians treating cisgender women who have COVID-19 should consider proactively discussing sexual function with their patients and offering available resources. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: In this study we used a large and diverse sample, but this sample did not include transgender or gender-diverse persons. This study was also correlational; as such, causal conclusions cannot be drawn. Further, the mechanism of action remains unexplained. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest the following: (1) COVID-19 infection is associated with impaired sexual function in cisgender women, and (2) that women with long COVID experienced incrementally more impaired sexual function than women with COVID-19 who did not develop long COVID.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-Aguda , Inquéritos e Questionários , COVID-19/complicações , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/epidemiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/etiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/psicologia , Orgasmo , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/epidemiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/etiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/diagnóstico
2.
J Psychosom Res ; 175: 111534, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37871507

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Research suggests that healthy sleep is a key component of sexual function. When evaluating sexual function, however, poor sleep is often overlooked as a contributing factor. This cross-sectional survey expands prior work by exploring relationships among insomnia severity, sexual satisfaction, and sexual function with an updated battery of measures for the Sleep and Sex Survey. METHOD: The sample (N = 1266) consisted of 618 men, 648 women recruited via Prolific, an online survey platform. The Sleep and Sex Survey II included measures addressing insomnia, fear of sleep, nightmares, sexual function, sexual satisfaction, sexual activity, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and alcohol use. RESULTS: Recent sexual activity was correlated with better sleep, lower anxiety, and lower scores on a posttraumatic stress disorder screener. Insomnia severity was negatively correlated with sexual satisfaction (r = 0.22, p < .001) and the presence of insomnia was associated with higher rates of sexual dysfunction in women (53.8% vs. 31.8%; p < .001) and men (22.7% vs. 12.5%; p = .036). In regression analyses, after accounting for depression and anxiety, insomnia had a statistically significant association with sexual function for women (ß = 0.12; p < .01) but not men (ß = 0.11; p = .60). CONCLUSION: Findings support a relationship of insomnia to sexual function and satisfaction with some gender differences. Future work may be enhanced by assessing these relationships in a gender diverse population including objective sleep measures and addressing contributing mechanisms. Clinically, findings support the assessment of sleep when evaluating patients for sexual dysfunction.


Assuntos
Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Sono , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sexual , Depressão/epidemiologia
3.
J Sex Res ; 58(3): 314-321, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32011176

RESUMO

There is a widely held belief that the amount and intensity of transgressive content in pornography have been rising. Reliably assessing for such an increase, however, is complicated by methodological factors including hand-coding content using conflicting a priori definitions of what constitutes transgressive content. In response to those limitations, the present study used the results of a published empirical content analysis of ~250,000 erotic stories written over 16 years to determine if the amount or popularity of transgressive content (stories high in the themes of violence, family (incest), or BDSM) has changed in that timeframe. Results from the present study indicated no meaningful increase in either the amount of content with those themes or popularity (as measured by story views per day) of any of the three transgressive themes within the erotic narratives over the 16-year period of analysis. These results, in addition to recent research presenting similar findings within pornographic video, do not support popular perceptions that erotic material is becoming increasingly transgressive. Rather, such content within internet-based erotic material, and particularly erotic narratives, appears to be relatively consistent.


Assuntos
Literatura Erótica , Humanos
4.
J Am Coll Health ; 69(1): 95-102, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31513464

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Mental health problems are a growing concern on college campuses. Although postsecondary institutions often provide mental health services to students free of charge, it is unclear which students access such treatment and why. Methods: This study examined predictors of mental health treatment among college students. 2,280 students completed an online survey to assess demographic variables, mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety), stress and prior/current mental health treatment. Results: After accounting for symptom severity, men were less likely to receive treatment for mental health problems and LGBQ students were more likely to receive treatment. That difference was not evident at higher levels of depression and anxiety. Finally, self-reported anxiety but not depressive symptoms predicted being in mental health treatment. Conclusions: These findings can help inform efforts to target college students who could benefit from treatment but are not seeking it.


Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Estudantes , Ansiedade , Transtornos de Ansiedade , Humanos , Masculino , Universidades
5.
J Psychosom Res ; 140: 110299, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33242704

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with perceived COVID-19 risk among people living in the US. METHODS: A cross-sectional representative sample of 485 US residents was collected in mid-April 2020. Participants were asked about (a) perceptions of COVID-19 risk, (b) demographic factors known to be associated with increased COVID-19 risk, and (c) the impact of COVID-19 on different life domains. We used a three-step hierarchical linear regression model to assess the differential contribution of the factors listed above on perceived COVID-19 risk. RESULTS: The final model accounted for 16% of variability in perceived risk, F(18,458) = 4.8, p < .001. Participants who were White reported twice as much perceived risk as participants of color (B = -2.1, 95% CI[-3.4,-0.8]. Higher perceived risk was observed among those who reported a negative impact of the pandemic on their sleep (B = 1.5, 95% CI[0.8,2.1]) or work (B = 0.7, 95%CI[0.1,1.3]). The number of cases per capita in their state of residence, age, or proximity to someone with a COVID-19 diagnosis were not found to meaningfully predict perceived risk. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived risk was not found to be associated with known demographic risk factors, except that the effect of race/ethnicity was in the opposite direction of existing evidence. Perception of COVID-19 risk was associated with the perceived personal impact of the pandemic.


Assuntos
COVID-19/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adulto , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Demografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Grupos Raciais/psicologia , Grupos Raciais/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
6.
Front Psychol ; 11: 1858, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32849091

RESUMO

Research has examined the function of stress management techniques, including coping, physical activity, and mindfulness on college students' adjustment. The present study examined the differential contributions of three stress management techniques to students' maladaptation (perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and loneliness) and adaptation (self-esteem). Undergraduate students (N = 1185) responded to an online survey. Hierarchical linear regression results indicated that all three stress management techniques - coping, physical activity, and mindfulness - were related to the five outcomes as predicted. Higher levels of disengagement coping strategies were related to higher perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. Components of mindfulness emerged as a strong predictor of adaptation.

7.
PLoS One ; 15(3): e0229379, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32187236

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine if an internet-based mind/body program would lead to participants experiencing infertility (1) being willing to be recruited and randomized and (2) accepting and being ready to engage in a fertility-specific intervention. Secondary exploratory goals were to examine reduced distress over the course of the intervention and increased likelihood to conceive. METHODS: This was a pilot randomized controlled feasibility trial with a between-groups, repeated measure design. Seventy-one women self-identified as nulliparous and meeting criteria for infertility. Participants were randomized to the internet-based version of the Mind/Body Program for Fertility or wait-list control group and asked to complete pre-, mid- and post-assessments. Primary outcomes include retention rates, number of modules completed, and satisfaction with intervention. Secondary exploratory outcomes sought to provide preliminary data on the impact of the program on distress (anxiety and depression) and self-reported pregnancy rates relative to a quasi-control group. RESULTS: The retention, adherence, and satisfaction rates were comparable to those reported in other internet-based RCTs. Although time between pre- and post-assessment differed between groups, using intent-to-treat analyses, women in the intervention group (relative to the wait-list group) had significant reduction in distress (anxiety, p = .003; depression, p = .007; stress, p = .041 fertility-social, p = .018; fertility-sexual, p = .006), estimated as medium-to-large effect sizes (ds = 0.45 to 0.86). The odds of becoming pregnant was 4.47 times higher for the intervention group participants as compared to the wait-list group, OR 95% CI [1.56, 12.85], p = .005 and occurred earlier. The findings suggest that the research design and program specific to this population are feasible and acceptable. Replication efforts with an active control group are needed to verify distress reduction and conception promotion findings.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/terapia , Depressão/terapia , Infertilidade Feminina/psicologia , Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapias Mente-Corpo/métodos , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Terapia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Projetos Piloto , Grupos de Autoajuda
8.
Front Psychol ; 11: 93, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32076414

RESUMO

Mental health problems are prevalent amongst today's college students and psychosocial stress has been identified as a strong contributing factor. Conversely, research has documented that emotional intelligence (EQ) is a protective factor for depression, anxiety and stress (mental health problems). However, the underlying mechanism whereby EQ may support stronger mental health is currently not well understood. This study used regression analyses to examine the hypothesis that belongingness (inclusion, rejection) partially mediates the effects of EQ (attention, clarity, repair) on psychological well-being in a large sample (N = 2,094) of undergraduate students. Results supported the mediation hypotheses for all three EQ components and highlighted that the effects of rejection on psychological well-being were particularly strong. In line with prior research, our results indicate that prevention and intervention efforts with college students could explicitly target EQ skills in an effort to reduce perceived rejection and promote student well-being.

9.
J Clin Psychol ; 76(4): 699-715, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31714614

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Numerous psychological constructs exist to describe different facets of emotional responding, but they have rarely been examined together. We empirically modeled the associations between four psychological constructs (mindfulness, emotional nonacceptance, experiential avoidance, and anxiety sensitivity) of individuals' responses to their affective experience, hypothesizing that a bifactor model would fit the data best. METHOD: We used exploratory structural equation modeling, a novel latent variable modeling framework, to compare five measurement models of emotional responding in an online community sample (N = 307). RESULTS: A bifactor model including a general emotional responding factor had substantial factor loadings from nearly all items, with mixed results for specific factors. Exploratory analyses supported the significant association of avoidant emotional responding and psychopathology/well-being. CONCLUSION: The general avoidant emotional responding factor appears to overlap most directly with experiential avoidance and may be a transtheoretical construct relevant to mental health.


Assuntos
Emoções/fisiologia , Transtornos Mentais/fisiopatologia , Saúde Mental , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos
10.
J Community Psychol ; 47(7): 1629-1644, 2019 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31269244

RESUMO

AIM: The U.S. resettlement program currently resettles refugees in communities of similar or the same ethnic background known as like-ethnic communities. This practice provides resettled refugees with a familiar community who may be able to provide support through the difficult resettlement process. However, by associating with a like-ethnic community, resettled refugees may limit interaction with the host community, which may have subsequent adverse effects on well-being. METHODS: This study examined whether satisfaction with community support is moderated by a premigration factor (trauma history) or a postmigration factor (English fluency) in predicting depressive symptoms in a resettled refugee community (N = 179). Four moderation models were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The model in which English fluency moderated the relationship between satisfaction with community support and depressive symptoms had the best overall model fit. In addition, trauma history was found to also be a meaningful but secondary moderator within this relationship. English fluency and trauma history within this study did not significantly interact. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the importance of early English language lessons and community support during resettlement. Further, they emphasize the need to integrate refugees with individuals from similar backgrounds, as well as with host communities throughout resettlement.


Assuntos
Refugiados/psicologia , Meio Social , Integração Social , Apoio Social , Transtornos Relacionados a Trauma e Fatores de Estresse/psicologia , Adulto , Depressão/psicologia , Emigração e Imigração , Feminino , Humanos , Proficiência Limitada em Inglês , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação Pessoal , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estados Unidos
11.
J Adolesc ; 73: 1-13, 2019 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30933717

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Rates of anxiety and depression are increasing among college undergraduates. Existing research has demonstrated a link between social skills and mental health outcomes. This study explores the relationship between verbal social skills (encoding and decoding) and anxiety and depression by measuring the extent to which loneliness mediates these relationships. METHODS: Baseline data from a cross-sequential study exploring college student mental health was used to analyze social skills, loneliness, as well as, depression and anxiety. A diverse group of students (n = 2,054; M = 19.95; SD = 1.26) participated from two residential colleges in the United States. RESULTS: Six mediation models were estimated, separately testing whether loneliness mediated the relationship between anxiety and depression and social expressiveness, sensitivity, and control. All six found that (a) anxiety and depression were separately predicted by the verbal encoding skills of social expressivity and social control and the decoding skill of social sensitivity, and (b) all of those relationships were mediated by loneliness. These models accounted for 37-38% of the variability in scores of depression and 17-20% of the variability in scores of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate verbal social skills play an important role in students experience of loneliness as well as depression and anxiety. Improving the social skills of students should be considered by colleges seeking to reduce the mental health burdens experienced by their students.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Solidão/psicologia , Habilidades Sociais , Adolescente , Adulto , Ansiedade/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudantes/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
12.
Arch Sex Behav ; 48(3): 725-737, 2019 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30796633

RESUMO

A recurring problem with the study of sexual fantasy is that of social desirability bias. Study participants may report fantasies that are consistent with general societal expectations of fantasy content, as opposed to themes characterized by their actual fantasies. The wide availability of erotic material on the Internet, however, facilitates the study of sexual fantasy narratives as they are anonymously expressed and viewed online. By extracting approximately 250,000 text-based erotic fantasies from a user-generated website, we sought to examine "real-world" sexual fantasies, determine the themes that were typical of these narratives, and explore the relationship between themes and story popularity (as assessed by story views per day). A principal components analysis identified 20 themes that commonly occurred across the massive corpus, and a path analysis revealed that these themes played a significant role in predicting the popularity of the sexual fantasy narratives. In particular, the empirically identified themes reflecting familial words (e.g., mother, father) and colloquial sexual words (e.g., cock, fuck) were predictive of story popularity. Other themes identified included those not obviously erotic, such as those consisting of words reflecting domesticity (e.g., towel, shower) and colors (e.g., brown, blue). By analyzing a sexual fantasy corpus of unprecedented size, this study offers unique insight into both the content of sexual fantasies and the popularity of that content.


Assuntos
Testes Anônimos/métodos , Literatura Erótica/psicologia , Fantasia , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Desejabilidade Social , Envio de Mensagens de Texto/tendências , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Internet , Masculino
13.
J Psychosom Res ; 112: 59-65, 2018 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30097137

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Distress and dysfunction in sleep and sex are both very common, and have been found to be separately related to anxiety, depression, and stress. Even so, and despite evidence linking obstructive sleep apnea and erectile disfunction, the connections between sleep and sex are largely understudied. METHOD: A large (N = 703) survey of people in the United States between 18 and 65 years old was conducted using Mechanical Turk, an on-line crowd-sourcing platform. Approximately 30% of participants were Black, Hispanic, Asian, or Native American, 8% identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual, and the sampling structure ensured an even gender distribution in each of 5 age strata. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) assessed sleep and sexual dysfunction; the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) measured stress, depression, and anxiety to measure variance. RESULTS: We found a significant connection between insomnia severity and sexual function. The relationship remained significant after accounting for the shared variability associated with depressive and anxious symptoms, and perceived stress. CONCLUSION: Given this relationship, clinicians observing dysfunction in one area should routinely assess for dysfunction in the other. Further research will be required to determine (a) if treatment of one has an effect on the other, and (b) if this connection is related to a common psychopathological factor and/or is a conditioned association related to the commonly shared context of bed.


Assuntos
Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/etiologia , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/complicações , Sono/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Questionário de Saúde do Paciente , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
14.
J Sex Res ; 55(7): 915-926, 2018 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29023137

RESUMO

This study examined the dependence of sexual response (vaginal pulse amplitude [VPA] and subjective sexual arousal) on alcohol intoxication (.10% breath alcohol concentration [BrAC] versus no alcohol) and the nature of a woman's currently most upsetting traumatic event (C-MUTE), whether it was sexual (e.g., rape) or nonsexual (e.g., combat). Self-reported sexual outcomes were also compared by C-MUTE type. A total of 117 women completed background measures and either drank alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverages. They were shown erotic films and their VPA was assessed. A two (sexual versus nonsexual C-MUTE) by two (.10% BrAC versus no alcohol) analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that, controlling for post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, women with a sexual C-MUTE showed lower percent VPA change than women with a nonsexual C-MUTE. No significant effects were found for subjective sexual arousal. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that women with a sexual C-MUTE reported more frequent anxiety and inhibition during partnered sex and more frequent lack of vaginal lubrication versus women with a nonsexual C-MUTE. There was no significant interaction between C-MUTE and alcohol intoxication. Whether a woman is currently upset by past sexual victimization may influence current sexual difficulties. Attenuated VPA may be attributable to the sexual nature of a C-MUTE as opposed to general trauma exposure.


Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica/fisiopatologia , Vítimas de Crime , Trauma Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Delitos Sexuais , Comportamento Sexual/fisiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem
15.
J Abnorm Child Psychol ; 45(7): 1259-1270, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28058518

RESUMO

The purpose of the current study was two-fold: (1) To examine time trends of the inclusion of fathers in child psychopathology research from 2005 to 2015; and (2) to examine online crowdsourcing as a method to recruit and study fathers. In study 1, findings indicated that, relative to two earlier reviews of father participation from 1984 to 1991 and 1992-2004, there has been limited progress in the inclusion of fathers in child psychopathology research over the last decade. In study 2, without explicit efforts to recruit fathers, almost 40% of a sample of 564 parents recruited from online crowdsourcing (Amazon's Mechanical Turk) were fathers. Major demographic differences did not emerge between mother and father participants and data were equally reliable for mothers and fathers. Fathers were more likely to drop out over the course of a 12-month follow-up but these differences in retention between mothers and fathers were non-significant if fathers were retained at a 2-week follow-up. Finally, family process models tested across four assessments (baseline, 4, 8, and 12 month follow-ups) indicated that data from fathers are equally supportive of convergent validity as data from mothers. We concluded that online crowdsourcing is a promising recruitment methodology to increase father participation in child psychopathology research.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/métodos , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/diagnóstico , Crowdsourcing/métodos , Pai , Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Poder Familiar , Seleção de Pacientes , Psicopatologia/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Pesquisa Biomédica/normas , Criança , Crowdsourcing/normas , Pai/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicopatologia/normas
16.
Contemp Clin Trials ; 45(Pt B): 252-260, 2015 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26343743

RESUMO

Sleep disturbance is a common feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but is not a focus of standard PTSD treatments. Psychological trauma exposure is associated with considerable physical and mental health morbidity, possibly due to the alterations in neuroendocrine function and inflammation observed in trauma exposed individuals. Although PTSD treatments are efficacious, they are associated with high drop-out rates in clinical trials and clinical practice. Finally, individuals with PTSD stemming from exposure to interpersonal violence represent an especially under-treated population with significant sleep disturbance. Community-based participatory research was utilized to design and prepare a clinical trial that randomizes recent survivors of interpersonal violence who have PTSD, depression, and insomnia to receive either: (1) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTi) followed by Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) for trauma, or (2) attention control followed by CPT. Outcome measures include subjective and objective measures of sleep, clinician-administered PTSD and depression scales, inflammatory cytokines, and salivary cortisol. Assessments are conducted at baseline, following the sleep or control intervention, and again following CPT. The design allows for: (1) the first test of a sleep intervention in this population; (2) the comparison of sequenced CBTi and CPT to attention control followed by CPT, and (3) assessing the roles of neuroendocrine function, inflammatory processes, and objective sleep markers in mediating treatment outcomes. The study's overarching hypothesis is that treating insomnia will produce reduction in insomnia, PTSD, and depression severity, allowing patients to more fully engage in, and derive optimal benefits from, cognitive processing therapy.


Assuntos
Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/etiologia , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/terapia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/complicações , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Violência/psicologia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/análise , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Saúde Mental , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Método Simples-Cego , Sono , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia
17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26265921

RESUMO

Approximately 50% of the population will suffer from a sleep disorder over the course of their lifetime. There is increasing interest in nutraceuticals for these conditions. The quality of the evidence for the safety and effectiveness of using these supplements to treat sleep disorders varies substantially. In this review, we discuss the data about the effectiveness and safety of six commonly used plant-based sleep therapeutics: caffeine, chamomile, cherries, kava kava, L-tryptophan, marijuana, and valerian. We explore both historical uses of each substance and the current state of the literature.

18.
Psychophysiology ; 52(7): 957-68, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25816911

RESUMO

The literature on sexual responses shows a large and not fully understood between-women variance in sexual responses and in strength of coherence between physiological and subjective sexual responses. This study investigated cognitive factors theorized to be associated with sexual responses that could explain such variance. Specifically, we investigated the predictive value of sexual excitation/inhibition and sexual schemas on sexual response and coherence. Vaginal photoplethysmography and continuous subjective sexual arousal were collected from 29 young women while they watched a control/erotic video sequence. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that high sexual excitation and schemas related to passion and romance were related to higher coherence. These findings support the notion that cognitive factors that enhance sexual arousal contribute to the large variation seen in the coherence of sexual response as measured in the laboratory.


Assuntos
Cognição , Individualidade , Sexualidade/fisiologia , Vagina/fisiologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Fotopletismografia , Psicofisiologia , Comportamento Sexual/fisiologia , Sexualidade/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
19.
Arch Sex Behav ; 44(6): 1595-608, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25339521

RESUMO

Studies suggest that sexual self-schemas are an important cognitive mechanism in the sexual development of women with a history of childhood abuse. This literature is only beginning to explore how multiple forms of abuse (i.e., physical, emotional, and sexual), rather than sexual abuse alone, can influence the development of adult sexuality. Moreover, the extant literature has not carefully considered important factors other than the severity of the abuse that may relate to sexual self-schemas, including family environment and quality of romantic relationships. Findings from this cross-sectional study conducted on 417 heterosexual women (ages 18-25 years) suggest that family dynamics and different types of childhood abuse contribute both directly and indirectly to adult sexual function and satisfaction and that part of those effects were mediated by other factors such as sexual self-schemas and romantic relationship quality. These results, including an exploration of the direct and indirect effects, were discussed in terms of the pervasive effects of abuse on people's lives and the potential treatment targets that can be addressed when trying to reduce sexual problems in women with a history of abuse.


Assuntos
Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Relações Familiares , Satisfação Pessoal , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Autoimagem , Apoio Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
20.
J Abnorm Child Psychol ; 42(2): 173-83, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23851629

RESUMO

The current study examined the congruence of parent and adolescent reports of positive and negative parenting with observations of parent-adolescent interactions as the criterion measure. The role of parent and adolescent depressive symptoms in moderating the associations between adolescent or parent report and observations of parenting also was examined. Participants were 180 parents (88.9 % female) with a history of clinical depression and one of their 9-to-15 year old children (49.4 % female). Parents and adolescents reported on parenting skills and depressive symptoms, and parenting was independently observed subsequently in the same session. Findings indicated adolescent report of positive, but not negative, parenting was more congruent with observations than parent report. For negative parenting, depressive symptoms qualified the relation between the parent or adolescent report and independent observations. For parents, higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with more congruence with observed parenting (supporting a depressive realism hypothesis) whereas an opposite trend emerged for adolescents (providing some supporting evidence for a depression-distortion hypothesis).


Assuntos
Filho de Pais com Deficiência/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Regressão
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