Comparison of Osteoblastic Activity Around Endosseous Implants Placed with Osseodensification and Adaptive Osteotomy Techniques--A Split-Mouth Prospective Case-Control Study.

Purpose: To compare the osteoblastic activity around dental implants placed via adaptive osteotomy and osseodensification techniques using bone scintigraphy in human subjects. Materials and Methods: A single-blinded, split-mouth design was conducted on two sites in each of the 10 subjects, with the adaptive osteotomy (n = 10) and osseodensification (n = 10) techniques for implant placement performed on either side of the D3-type bone in the posterior mandible. All participants were subjected to a multiphase bone scintigraphy test on the 15th, 45th, and 90th days after implant placement to evaluate the osteoblastic activity. Results: The mean values obtained on the 15th, 45th, and 90th days in the adaptive osteotomy group were 51.14% ± 3.93%, 51.40% ± 3.41%, and 50.73% ± 1.51%, respectively, while the osseodensification group values were 48.88% ± 3.94%, 48.78% ± 3.38%, and 49.29% ± 1.56%, respectively. The intragroup and intergroup analyses revealed no significant difference between the mean values of the adaptive osteotomy and osseodensification groups on the tested days (P > .05). Conclusions: Osseodensification and adaptive osteotomy techniques improved primary stability of D3-type bone and accelerated the osteoblastic activity after implant placement, with no superiority of one method over the other.

A Literature Review on Biofilm Formation on Silicone and Poymethyl Methacrylate Used for Maxillofacial Prostheses.

Silicone elastomers are considered the most suitable maxillofacial materials for extraoral prostheses to date due to their superior physicochemical properties. The aim of this review was to describe the characteristics of biofilm formation on silicone and polymethyl methacrylate used for maxillofacial prostheses and review different strategies of biofilm management for silicone maxillofacial prosthesis. A structured literature search was conducted using the following databases - PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, LILACS, IndeMED, OVID, EMBASE, NIH Clinical Trials - for reports related to the biofilms. English language articles were only included in the study. Biofilms induced various systemic infections if they are not treated at an early stage. Biofilms are formed due to various reasons like fungal, bacterial and mixed infections of the patient and also due to prosthetic appliances. The manual or mechanical pressure physically removes the biofilm and most biofilm molecules from surfaces. Treatment must be given with utmost caution and concern irrespective of the presence or absence of biofilm. With regards to the materials used for fabricating maxillofacial substitutes, it has been defined that both acrylic resin and silicone may harbour microorganisms, however, the larger porosities in silicone make it vulnerable to microbial adhesion. The major limitations of these materials are that they have numerous porosities on their surface and, along with the modification of the anatomy of the facial tissues as a result of the lesion, may compromise the natural balance of the microbial flora, favouring microbial colonization and formation of biofilms.

Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin as a Regenerative Tool.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) are used as a valuable adjunct in the treatment of maxillofacial rehabilitation. PRP used along with growth hormone helps in bone healing and tissue regeneration in the areas affected by bone and soft tissue-related defects. It aids not only in faster and better healing of the surgically debrided area but also in regeneration of the bone at a faster rate. This review comprises the applications of PRP and PRF and their uses in various procedures.

Evaluation of Oral Health Status Using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index Among the Geriatric Population in India: A Pilot Study.

Introduction and aim Clinical indicators alone are insufficient for evaluating oral health. In addition to health and disease, oral health includes socio-dental indicators of physical, psychological, and social aspects of well-being. The adaptive capacity of an individual influences the perception of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Indices such as the Oral Health Impact Profile, Oral Impacts on Daily Performances, and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) have been used to measure OHRQoL. This study was designed to assess OHRQoL in older individuals using the GOHAI. Methods Subjects aged older than 65 years who visited our institution from January to March 2016 were included. Subjects with cognitive behavior disorders were excluded. Subjects were assigned into three groups based on age: 65-69 years, 70-74 years, and 75 years or older. The participants were asked 12 questions, and their responses were assessed by age group. Our Institutional Ethics Committee approved the study protocol. Results The 219 subjects recruited included 126 (57.5%) patients aged 65-69 years, 57 (26.0%) patients aged 70-74 years, and 36 (16.4%) patients aged 75 years or older. Several physical, physiological, and psychological aspects of the GOHAI differed significantly among these three groups, with overall OHRQoL decreasing with age. Conclusion Although oral healthcare problems were widespread in the geriatric population, they were not a primary concern. Attitudes toward dentistry require improvement. However, further studies in larger populations are required to assess geriatric oral health.

Evaluation and Comparison of the Effects of Persulfate Containing and Persulfate-free Denture Cleansers on Acrylic Resin Teeth Stained with Cigarette Smoke: An In Vitro Study.

Problem statement and aim  The esthetics of the complete denture primarily depend upon the color of the denture teeth; however, there are situations where the teeth are subjected to extrinsic and intrinsic stains and discolor over time. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of smoking and two different denture cleaners on the color stability of the denture teeth. Material and methods Commercially available maxillary anterior teeth made up of acrylic resin were selected for the study and were divided into two groups (n=10): persulfate-free denture cleanser and persulfate containing denture cleansers. The acrylic teeth were set in the smoke chamber with a distance to absorb the smoke equally from the cigarette. The smoke was released for 10 minutes, and the results are observed by the spectrophotometer. Results All the values were collected after the 21st day, and data were analyzed with the SPSS software. It was found that denture cleansers with persulfate are effective on color stability.  Conclusions Even though the persulfate containing denture cleansers are injurious to health, they can be recommended to the smokers with clear instructions of use. However, for non-smokers, persulfate-free denture cleansers are preferred over the persulfate containing denture cleansers.

Body Mass Index and Tooth Loss: An Epidemiological Study in a Sample of Suburban South Indian Population.

AIM: This study evaluated the relationship between missing posterior teeth and body mass index with regard to age and socioeconomic state in a sample of the suburban south Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 500 individuals of both males and females aged 40 years and older with missing posterior teeth and not rehabilitated with any prosthesis were gone through a clinical history, intraoral examination, and anthropometric measurement to get information regarding age, sex, socioeconomic status, missing posterior teeth, and body mass index (BMI). Subjects were divided into five groups according to BMI (underweight > 18.5 kg/m2, normal weight 18.5-23 kg/m2, overweight 23-25 kg/m2, obese without surgery 25-32.5 kg/m2, obese with surgery < 32.5 kg/m2). Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust data according to age, sex, number of missing posterior teeth, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: People with a higher number of tooth loss were more obese. Females with high tooth loss were found to be more obese than male. Low socioeconomic group obese female had significantly higher tooth loss than any other group. No significant relation between age and obesity was found with regard to tooth loss. CONCLUSION: The BMI and tooth loss are interrelated. Management of obesity and tooth loss can help to maintain the overall health status.

Influence of Teaching Strategies and its Order of Exposure on Pre-Clinical Teeth Arrangement - A Pilot Study.

INTRODUCTION: Teeth arrangement is a vital skill for the undergraduate dental student. The attainment of skills depends largely on the methodology of teaching. In a dental curriculum, the students are exposed to a wide variety of inputs and teaching methodologies from different sources. The educational unit in dental school must identify the sequence of teaching methods that enhance the learning and practising ability of students. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three different teaching methodologies for teeth arrangement and compare the differences between the orders of exposure to each teaching methodology on the development of teeth arrangement skills. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first year B.D.S students were study participants and were divided into three groups A, B, C. They were exposed to three teaching patterns namely live demonstration with video assisted teaching, group discussion with hand-outs and lectures with power point presentation. After each teaching methodology, their skill was assessed. The groups were exposed to three methodologies in different order for three arrangements. The scores obtained were analysed using Kruskal Wallis rank sum test and Dunn test for statistical significance. RESULTS: Significantly higher scores in the teeth arrangement procedure were obtained by the Group A students who were exposed initially to live demonstration with video-assisted teaching. Difference in the scores was noted among and within the groups. The difference between Group A and Group C was statistically significant after both first and third teeth arrangement (p=0.0031, p=0.0057). CONCLUSION: The study suggests each pre-clinical practice should begin with a live demonstration to enhance immediate learning absorption followed by lectures with power point presentation and group discussion for retention of knowledge and memory retrieval.