Presence of Parasites in Environmental Waters in Samsun and Its Districts.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of parasites in environmental waters in Samsun and its districts. METHODS: At the center of Samsun, 13 stations were determined. The research was performed between March 2012 and February 2013, and every month, water samples were collected on the dates stated. The samples were stained with Kinyoun acid-fast, modified trichrome, and trichrome dyes after examining with the direct bond. The preparations were evaluated in terms of parasitologic under a light microscope. RESULTS: Totally, 180 of 228 water samples analyzed were from streams; of these, 48 were drinking water samples. The following were found: 142 Giardia spp., 132 Cryptosporidium spp., 56 Cyclospora spp., 38 microsporidia, 47 Blastocystis spp., 38 Entamoeba coli cysts, 18 Dientamoeba, 9 Chilomastix, 9 Strongyloides spp., and 6 hookworms. CONCLUSION: The widespread use of animal husbandry and agriculture in the region and the use of stream surroundings as a grazing area increase the presence of some determined protozoa during a certain period. Parasitological studies in humans and animals in the region should be conducted, and control programs should be applied.

Occurency of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in river water sources of Black Sea, Turkey.

A total of 420 environmental water samples and 120 drinking water samples from 45 different sampling sites of the Black Sea in Turkey were collected between 2012 and 2014. Genomic DNA was isolated from all the investigated water samples and comparativelly analyzed by Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of the elongation factor 1 Alfa (EF1α) gene, and by nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA and semi-nested PCR (snPCR) of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene (GDH). 141 (58.7%), 125 (52.1%) and 120 (50%) samples respectivelly were positive by each method. Out of 240 environmental samples collected from 25 sites of Samsun Province have been found positive for G. duodenalis by LAMP, nPCR and snPCR, respectively. 55 (30.5%), 50 (27.8%) and 47 (26.1%) of 180 environmental samples collected from 20 other sampling sites of Giresun Province were positive for Giardia by LAMP, nPCR and snPCR, respectively. Five PCR products from different samples of the Giresun Province and 10 other samples from the Samsun Province were found positive for G. duodenalis assemblage B. Five PCR products from Giresun Province and 5 samples from Samsun Province were found positive for G. duodenalis assemblage A. This is the first report about G. duodenalis assemblages A and B from water samples investigations in Black Sea of Turkey.