RESUMO
The combination of LiDAR with other technologies for numerisation is increasingly applied in the field of building, design, and geoscience, as it often brings time and cost advantages in 3D data survey processes. In this paper, the reconstruction of 3D point cloud datasets is studied, through an experimental protocol evaluation of new LiDAR sensors on smartphones. To evaluate and analyse the 3D point cloud datasets, different experimental conditions are considered depending on the acquisition mode and the type of object or surface being scanned. The conditions allowing us to obtain the most accurate data are identified and used to propose which acquisition protocol to use. This protocol seems to be the most adapted when using these LiDAR sensors to digitise complex interior buildings such as railway stations. This paper aims to propose: (i) a methodology to suggest the adaptation of an experimental protocol based on factors (distance, luminosity, surface, time, and incidence) to assess the precision and accuracy of the smartphone LiDAR sensor in a controlled environment; (ii) a comparison, both qualitative and quantitative, of smartphone LiDAR data with other traditional 3D scanner alternatives (Faro X130, VLX, and Vz400i) while considering three representative building interior environments; and (iii) a discussion of the results obtained in a controlled and a field environment, making it possible to propose recommendations for the use of the LiDAR smartphone at the end of the numerisation of the interior space of a building.
RESUMO
Additive manufacturing (AM) brings new design potential compared with traditional manufacturing. Nevertheless, traditional manufacturing knowledge remains embedded in the minds of designers and is a real cognitive barrier to design in AM. Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) provides tools, techniques, and guidelines to optimize design with the specifics of AM. These methods are usable at different moments of the design process. Only few DfAMs focus on the early stages of design, the ideation phase, which allows for the most innovation. The literature highlights the effectiveness of methodologies based on tangible tools, such as cards or objects, to generate creativity. The difficulty with such tools is to be inspirational as well as formative. Therefore, this article presents a method to help designers capture the design potential of AM to design creative solutions at the early stages of product design, named the Augmented Design with AM Methodology (ADAM2). This methodology relies on the potential of AM, defined in 14 opportunities and a set of 14 inspirational objects, each representing an opportunity. Dedicated to creativity sessions, this methodology allows forcing the association between knowledge of a company's sector and the design potential of AM. To validate the effectiveness of the ADAM2 methodology, we use it for an industrial application in a jewelry and watchmaking company. The results showed that ADAM2 promote the generation of creative solutions and the exploitation of the design potential of AM during the early design stages.
RESUMO
Today, additive manufacturing (AM) is implemented in medical industry and profoundly revolutionizes this area. This approach consists of producing parts by additions of layers of successive materials and offers advantages in terms of rapidity, complexity of parts, competitive costs that can be exploited and can lead to a significant advancement in biological research. Everything becomes technically feasible and gives way to a "techno-centered" approach. Many parameters must be controlled in this field, so it is necessary to be guided for the development of such a product. This article aims to present a state of the art of existing design methodologies focused on AM to create medical devices. Finally, a development method is proposed that consists of producing vascular geometry using AM, based on patient data, designed for cell culture in vitro studies.
