Functional roles and novel tools for improving-oxidative stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids: A comprehensive review.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids may be derived from a variety of sources and could be incorporated into a balanced diet. They protect against a wide range of illnesses, including cancer osteoarthritis and autoimmune problems. The PUFAs, ω-6, and ω-3 fatty acids, which are found in both the marine and terrestrial environments, are given special attention. The primary goal is to evaluate the significant research papers in relation to the human health risks and benefits of ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acid dietary resources. This review article highlights the types of fatty acids, factors affecting the stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids, methods used for the mitigation of oxidative stability, health benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and future perspectives in detail.

Review on Propolis Applications in Food Preservation and Active Packaging.

Propolis is a natural hive product collected by honeybees from different plants and trees. The collected resins are then mixed with bee wax and secretions. Propolis has a long history of use in traditional and alternative medicine. Propolis possesses recognized antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Both properties are characteristics of food preservatives. Moreover, most propolis components, in particular flavonoids and phenolic acids, are natural constituents of food. Several studies suggest that propolis could find use as a natural food preservative. This review is focused on the potential application of propolis in the antimicrobial and antioxidant preservation of food and its possible application as new, safe, natural, and multifunctional material in food packaging. In addition, the possible influence of propolis and its used extracts on the sensory properties of food is also discussed.

Potential Use of Propolis in Phytocosmetic as Phytotherapeutic Constituent.

Phytocosmetic is an important aspect of traditional medicine in several cultures. Researchers are now focusing to find new and effective ingredients of natural origin. Propolis is a natural beehive product extensively used in traditional medicine. We aimed in the present study to investigate the potential use of propolis as an aesthetic and phytotherapeutic constituent in phytocosmetics. Propolis was extracted using 80% ethanol. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined calorimetrically. Free radical scavenging ability and reducing capacity were evaluated using four assays and expressed as IC50 values. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on 11 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The wound healing activity of 30% ethanolic extract and propolis ointment was studied using excision wounds in the anterio-dorsal side of the rats. The phenolic acid composition of the tested propolis was investigated using UFLC/MS-MS analysis. The tested propolis was rich in phenolic and flavonoid content and demonstrated an interesting antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Wounds treated with propolis appear to display a lesser degree of inflammation. Chemical analysis led to the identification of 11 phenolics. Among them, five are considered as main compounds: Chlorogenic acid (48.79 ± 5.01 ng/mL), Gallic acid (44.25 ± 6.40 ng/mL), Rutin (21.12 ± 3.57 ng/mL), Caffeic acid (28.19 ± 4.95 ng/mL), and trans-cinnamic acid (20.10 ± 6.51 ng/mL). Our results indicated that propolis can not only be used as a cosmetic ingredient but also be used as a preventative and curative constituent, which might be used as a barrier when applied externally on infected and non-infected skin.

Comparison between Phenolic Content, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Algerian and Turkish Propolis.

BACKGROUND: Propolis is a natural resinous material produced by honeybees. The biological activity and phenolic profile of propolis were largely studied all over the world. However, only a few investigations have been carried out on Algerian and Turkish propolis. The aim of the present study was to compare the phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of propolis samples collected from different localities of Algeria and Turkey. METHODS: Propolis extracts were performed using maceration in ethanol 80%. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities were evaluated using FRAP assay and the MIC was determined against four bacterial strains (S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and K. pneumonia). RESULTS: TP varied from 19.51 ± 0.86 to 219.66 ± 1.23 mg GAE/g. Whereas, TF varied from 5.27± 0.07 to 74.57 ± 1.03 QE/g. All samples showed good ferric reducing antioxidant power ranging from 267.30 ± 4.77 to 2387.30 ± 44.15 µmol Trolox eq./g. All Algerian propolis samples displayed a more pronounced activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 with MIC values ranging from 0,04 ± 0.00 mg/mL to 0.30±0.06 mg/Ml, with an activity 30 times more powerful than Anatolian propolis. While, Anatolian propolis samples were most active against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 with MIC values ranging from 0.20±0.00 mg/mL to 0.60±0.00 mg/Ml, with an activity 5 to 10 times more powerful than Algerian propolis. CONCLUSION: Algerian and Anatolian propolis possessed considerable phenolic and flavonoids contents. In addition, they exhibited interesting antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Our findings suggest that both propolis could be useful in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Preliminary analysis of the chemical composition, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Algerian propolis.

Many studies demonstrated that Algerian propolis possess a large spectrum of biological activity. However, few studies regarding its chemical composition are available on literature. We aimed in the present study to investigate the chemical composition of Algerian propolis. In addition, the antioxidants and anticholinesterase activities of propolis extracts are also reported. Chemical investigation of Algerian propolis allowed the isolation of 8 compounds. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and comparison with literature. The isolated compounds are considered as markers of poplar and Citrus spp suggesting the use of both species as plant source of the tested propolis. The ethyl acetate extract of the tested propolis demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity. Among the tested extracts, only the petroleum ether and chloroform extracts exhibited an AChE inhibitory activity.

Inhibition of stromelysin-1 by caffeic acid derivatives from a propolis sample from Algeria.

Stromelysin-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-3: MMP-3) occupies a central position in collagenolytic and elastolytic cascades, leading to cutaneous intrinsic and extrinsic aging. We screened extracts of a propolis sample from Algeria with the aim to isolate compounds able to selectively inhibit this enzyme. A butanolic extract (B (3)) of the investigated propolis sample was found to potently inhibit MMP-3 activity (IC (50) = 0.15 ± 0.03 µg/mL), with no or only weak activity on other MMPs. This fraction also inhibited plasmin amidolytic activity (IC (50) = 0.05 µg/mL) and impeded plasmin-mediated proMMP-3 activation. B (3) was fractionated by HPLC, and one compound, characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy and not previously identified in propolis, i.e., (+)-chicoric acid, displayed potent IN VITRO MMP-3 inhibitory activity (IC (50) = 6.3 × 10 (-7) M). In addition, both caffeic acid and (+)-chicoric acid methyl ester present in fraction B (3) significantly inhibited UVA-mediated MMP-3 upregulation by fibroblasts.