Primary Breast Sarcoma: A Two-Centre Analysis and Review of Literature.

Introduction: Primary breast sarcoma is a very rare malignant type of breast tumours with an incidence of 0.1% of all primary breast malignancies. Methods: We present a retrospective analysis of the case series from two hospitals in the Czech Republic with a review of the diagnostic and treatment approach to primary breast sarcomas with an analysis of published prognostic factors. Results: Eleven patients were included in the study, 9 women and 2 men. Statistical evaluation revealed that tumour size (p = 0.1964), grade (p = 0.1667), margin distance (p = 0.5403), mitotic activity (p = 0.8577), or age (p = 0.7822) were not prognostic factors in our cohort. Conclusion: The analysis did not prove any of the factors, such as age, tumour size, grade, or mitotic activity, to be statistically significant prognostic factors. Based on the literature review, the most common published prognostic factors are tumour size, margin status, and grade, but the results are ambiguous.

Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum of the Anogenital Area and Buttocks: A Report of 16 Cases, Including Human Papillomavirus Analysis and HRAS and BRAF V600 Mutation Studies.

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) is a benign tumor most commonly located on the head and neck area often associated with nevus sebaceus. In its usual location, the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and mutations in the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway have been detected in SCAP. We studied 16 cases of SCAP in the anogenital areas and buttock where this neoplasm is rare and attempted to find out whether SCAP in these sites have different histopathological and molecular biological features. It seems that there is no significant difference between the morphology of anogenital SCAP and SCAP in other locations. Several tumors in our cohort demonstrated features resembling those seen in warts, but HPV DNA was not found in these lesions. On the contrary, we identified DNA of HPV high-risk types in some tumors without HPV-related morphology. Our study confirms the role of HRAS and BRAF V600 mutations in the pathogenesis of SCAP, including SCAP in the anogenital areas and buttock.

Cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands may express galectin-3, cytokeratin 19, and HBME-1 and contains polymorphisms of RET and H-RAS proto-oncogenes.

The aim of the study was to further elucidate the immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics of cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands (CAMSG). The study comprised five CAMSG from two males and three females, aged 21-72 years. Four tumors were localized at the base of tongue and one in the floor of mouth. At the time of diagnosis, four tumors had metastasised to regional lymph nodes. After tumor resection, two patients were treated by radiotherapy and one by chemoradiotherapy. During the follow-up (median 14 months), two patients developed lymph node metastasis. Microscopically, all tumors showed cribriform, papillary, follicular, and microcystic growth patterns. The tumor cells displayed vesicular nuclei with intranuclear grooves. Immunohistochemically, all tumors showed expression of cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK8, CK18, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, calponin, S-100 protein, and p16 protein. In addition, we observed expression of galectin-3, CK19, and HBME-1, but not of thyroglobulin and TTF-1. No mutations of RET, BRAF, K-RAS, H-RAS, and N-RAS proto-oncogenes were detected. However, in RET proto-oncogene, we found polymorphisms Gly691Ser (exon 11) and Ser904Ser (exon 15) in one case, p.Leu769Leu (exon 13) in one case, and variant p.IVS14-24 G/A of intron 14 in two cases, and in H-RAS proto-oncogene we found polymorphism 81 T-C (exon 1) in three cases. Thyroglobulin and TTF-1 are the only useful markers in the differential diagnosis between CAMSG and papillary thyroid carcinoma as both tumors may express galectin-3, CK19, and HBME-1. The RET, H-RAS, and N-RAS proto-oncoogenes are not mutated in CAMSG.