RESUMO
Although merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) is a leading candidate vaccine antigen for blood-stage malaria, its efficacy in clinical trials has been limited in part by antigenic polymorphism and potentially by the inability of protein-in-adjuvant vaccines to induce strong cellular immunity. Here we report the design of novel vectored Plasmodium falciparum vaccines capable of overcoming such limitations. We optimized an antigenic insert comprising the four conserved blocks of MSP-1 fused to tandemly arranged sequences that represent both allelic forms of the dimorphic 42-kDa C-terminal region. Inserts were expressed by adenoviral and poxviral vectors and employed in heterologous prime-boost regimens. Simian adenoviral vectors were used in an effort to circumvent preexisting immunity to human adenoviruses. In preclinical studies these vaccines induced potent cellular immune responses and high-titer antibodies directed against MSP-1. The antibodies induced were found to have growth-inhibitory activity against dimorphic allelic families of P. falciparum. These vectored vaccines should allow assessment in humans of the safety and efficacy of inducing strong cellular as well as cross-strain humoral immunity to P. falciparum MSP-1.
Assuntos
Vírus de DNA/genética , Eritrócitos/parasitologia , Vetores Genéticos , Vacinas Antimaláricas , Malária Falciparum/prevenção & controle , Proteína 1 de Superfície de Merozoito/metabolismo , Adenovírus Humanos/genética , Adenovirus dos Símios/genética , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Embrião de Galinha , Desenho de Fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Imunização , Imunização Secundária , Vacinas Antimaláricas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Antimaláricas/genética , Vacinas Antimaláricas/imunologia , Malária Falciparum/imunologia , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Proteína 1 de Superfície de Merozoito/genética , Proteína 1 de Superfície de Merozoito/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Plasmodium falciparum/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Vaccinia virus/genéticaRESUMO
Herniation of lung through the chest wall is uncommon and previously reported cases have been found either clinically or by chest radiography. We recently discovered a case of herniated lung on screening xeromammography. These findings were correlated with thoracic CT.