Beneficial Effects of Flaxseed and/or Mulberry Extracts Supplementation in Ovariectomized Wistar Rats.

Low endogenous estrogen action causes several injuries. Medicinal plants, such as flaxseed and mulberry, contain substances that have been shown to be effective to the organism. The aim was to verify the effects of flaxseed and/or mulberry extracts on ovariectomized Wistar rats. The animals received supplements of extracts and estrogen or saline by gavage for 60 days and were weighed weekly. Vaginal wash, blood, pituitary, uterus, liver, and kidneys were collected. Phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the extracts, lipid profile, uric acid, liver enzymes, and pituitary weight were measured. Histomorphometric for uterine wall and histopathological analyses for liver and kidney were performed. Flaxseed and mulberry extracts showed great antioxidant activity and large amounts of phenolic compounds. The treatment with extracts had less weight gain, increased pituitary weight, the predominance of vaginal epithelial cells, and reduced TC, LDL-c and lipase activity, similar to estrogen animals. Estrogen or flaxseed + mulberry animals reduced VLDL-c and TAG. HDL-c, uric acid, and liver enzymes did not differ. Estrogen or extracts demonstrated trophic action on the endometrial thickness and have not shown hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. We suggested the beneficial effects of flaxseed and mulberry extract as an alternative to reduce and/or prevent the negative effects caused by low estrogenic action.

Fatty acids composition and in vivo biochemical effects of Aleurites moluccana seed (Candlenut) in obese wistar rats.

BACKGROUND: Candlenut (CN) has been used indiscriminately for weight loss. In vivo effects of CN in different doses are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of CN ingestion in obese rats. DESIGN: Thirty animals (obese and non-obese) received one of three different types of treatments: placebo, CN ingestion in a popular therapeutic regimen (8 days with oral administration of 0.2 mg/kg followed by 20 days with doses of 0.4 mg/kg), and ingestion of a doubled popular dose-called 2CN. Treatment was maintained for 28 days. RESULTS: The fatty acid profile of CN indicated mainly linolelaidic and palmitoleic acids. Rats receiving CN and 2CN showed reduced plasmatic levels of glucose and lipoproteins (p < 0.05). A dose-dependent carcass fat reduction was observed (p < 0.05). Blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) reduced with CN and increased with 2CN doses (p < 0.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the atherogenic index remained similar among all treatments (p > 0.05). Hepatic vacuolation decreased with CN, but the 2CN dose produced mononuclear leucocyte infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS: Although CN presented beneficial effects on the metabolism of rats, it also caused increased risk of liver damage.

Multiple myeloma in a dog / Mieloma múltiplo em cão

Background: The multiple myeloma is a neoplasia characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells (plasmacytes) in the bone marrow and in other tissues. The infiltration of the neoplasia cells associated to the high level of anomalous immunoglobulin production (M protein) results in a variety of clinic-pathologic anomalies. It is a rare disease in dogs, corresponding to 0.3% of all malignant neoplasia and 2% of the hematopoietic, with few literature descriptions. So, the present paper aims at properly report a multiple myeloma in a dog of non-defined breed, emphasizing the clinic, laboratorial, radiographic and pathologic aspects. Case: In a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, an 11-year-old dog of non-defined breed was admitted, weighing 10.8 kg of body mass. The clinic history was claudication of the right thoracic member, hyporexia and lethargy in the past 20 days. The main abnormalities in the physical examination were holosystolic cardiac murmur III/VI on mitral focus, and high sensibility to touch in the right humerus. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Radiographic examination confirmed polyostotic punctate osteolysis on the right humerus; pelvic, femurs and vertebrae bones from L2 to L7, on generalized condition. Cytology by aspiration puncture from the left femur marrow bone did not confirm neoplasia cells [...]

Multiple myeloma in a dog / Mieloma múltiplo em cão

Background: The multiple myeloma is a neoplasia characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells (plasmacytes) in the bone marrow and in other tissues. The infiltration of the neoplasia cells associated to the high level of anomalous immunoglobulin production (M protein) results in a variety of clinic-pathologic anomalies. It is a rare disease in dogs, corresponding to 0.3% of all malignant neoplasia and 2% of the hematopoietic, with few literature descriptions. So, the present paper aims at properly report a multiple myeloma in a dog of non-defined breed, emphasizing the clinic, laboratorial, radiographic and pathologic aspects. Case: In a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, an 11-year-old dog of non-defined breed was admitted, weighing 10.8 kg of body mass. The clinic history was claudication of the right thoracic member, hyporexia and lethargy in the past 20 days. The main abnormalities in the physical examination were holosystolic cardiac murmur III/VI on mitral focus, and high sensibility to touch in the right humerus. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Radiographic examination confirmed polyostotic punctate osteolysis on the right humerus; pelvic, femurs and vertebrae bones from L2 to L7, on generalized condition. Cytology by aspiration puncture from the left femur marrow bone did not confirm neoplasia cells [...](AU)

Intoxicação por antibiótico ionóforo em ruminantes alimentados com varredura de fábrica de ração Relato de caso / Ionophore antibiotics poisoning of ruminants after feeding with scraps from a ration factory - case report

Antibióticos ionóforos (AI) são fármacos utilizados em animais, principalmente como coccidiostáticos e promotores de crescimento. Podem causar intoxicação aguda ou crônica, induzindo lesões musculares esqueléticas e/ou cardíacas. São descritos os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de um surto de intoxicação por AI em ovinos e bovinos que receberam sobras provenientes de uma fábrica de ração (popularmente conhecidas como varredura). Quatro horas após acesso à ração contaminada alguns ovinos foram encontrados mortos e vários outros estavam doentes. Os bovinos manifestaram sinais um dia após ingestão da ração, com morte após 4 a 20 dias. Estas consistiam em inapetência, fraqueza, relutância em movimentar-se, incoordenação, dispneia, decúbito lateral e morte. Morreram 61 ovinos (42,36% do rebanho) e oito bovinos jovens (24,24% do lote). Duas ovelhas doentes foram encaminhadas ao Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Lavras (SPV/DMV/UFLA). Devido à gravidade do quadro clínico foram submetidas a eutanásia. Na necropsia observaram-se áreas pálidas na musculatura, caracterizadas histologicamente por graus variáveis de necrose e regeneração em músculos esqueléticos e cardíaco. A análise cromatográfica (HPLC) de uma amostra da ração utilizada revelou 97,14 mg de monensina/kg de ração. O diagnóstico baseou-se nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos, lesões macro e microscópicas e na análise toxicológica da ração oferecida aos animais. Embora a utilização de “varredura de fábrica de ração” pareça uma opção economicamente interessante aos produtores ela oferece riscos de intoxicação e/ou morte e não érecomendada.

Ionophore antibiotics (IA) are drugs used in animals, particularly as coccidiostats and growth promoters. They can cause acute or chronic poisoning, inducing skeletal and / or heart muscle injuries. This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of an IA poisoning outbreak in sheep and cattle fed with leftovers from a animal ration factory. Four hours after the access to the contaminated feed, some sheep were found dead and several others were sick. The cattle manifested clinical signs one day after ingestion of the feed, with death 4 to 20 days after clinical onset. The signs consisted of inappetence, weakness, reluctance to move, incoordination, dyspnea, lateral decubitus and death. Of the sheep herd 61 (42.36%), and eight young cattle (24.24% of the lot) died. Two sick sheep were sent to the Veterinary Pathology Sector, Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Lavras (SPV/DMV/UFLA). Due to the severity of the clinical condition, both were euthanized. At necropsy were observed pale areas in the muscles, characterized histologically by varying degrees of necrosis and regeneration in skeletal and cardiac muscles. It was performed a chromatographic analysis (HPLC) of a sample of feed, which showed 97.14 mg monensin/kg of feed. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological, clinical, gross and histological findings, and toxicological analysis of the feed used. Although the use of "scan feed mill" seems an economically attractive option for producers it presents risks and is not recommended.

Intoxicação por antibiótico ionóforo em ruminantes alimentados com varredura de fábrica de ração Relato de caso / Ionophore antibiotics poisoning of ruminants after feeding with scraps from a ration factory - case report

Antibióticos ionóforos (AI) são fármacos utilizados em animais, principalmente como coccidiostáticos e promotores de crescimento. Podem causar intoxicação aguda ou crônica, induzindo lesões musculares esqueléticas e/ou cardíacas. São descritos os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de um surto de intoxicação por AI em ovinos e bovinos que receberam sobras provenientes de uma fábrica de ração (popularmente conhecidas como varredura). Quatro horas após acesso à ração contaminada alguns ovinos foram encontrados mortos e vários outros estavam doentes. Os bovinos manifestaram sinais um dia após ingestão da ração, com morte após 4 a 20 dias. Estas consistiam em inapetência, fraqueza, relutância em movimentar-se, incoordenação, dispneia, decúbito lateral e morte. Morreram 61 ovinos (42,36% do rebanho) e oito bovinos jovens (24,24% do lote). Duas ovelhas doentes foram encaminhadas ao Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Lavras (SPV/DMV/UFLA). Devido à gravidade do quadro clínico foram submetidas a eutanásia. Na necropsia observaram-se áreas pálidas na musculatura, caracterizadas histologicamente por graus variáveis de necrose e regeneração em músculos esqueléticos e cardíaco. A análise cromatográfica (HPLC) de uma amostra da ração utilizada revelou 97,14 mg de monensina/kg de ração. O diagnóstico baseou-se nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos, lesões macro e microscópicas e na análise toxicológica da ração oferecida aos animais. Embora a utilização de “varredura de fábrica de ração” pareça uma opção economicamente interessante aos produtores ela oferece riscos de intoxicação e/ou morte e não érecomendada.(AU)

Ionophore antibiotics (IA) are drugs used in animals, particularly as coccidiostats and growth promoters. They can cause acute or chronic poisoning, inducing skeletal and / or heart muscle injuries. This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of an IA poisoning outbreak in sheep and cattle fed with leftovers from a animal ration factory. Four hours after the access to the contaminated feed, some sheep were found dead and several others were sick. The cattle manifested clinical signs one day after ingestion of the feed, with death 4 to 20 days after clinical onset. The signs consisted of inappetence, weakness, reluctance to move, incoordination, dyspnea, lateral decubitus and death. Of the sheep herd 61 (42.36%), and eight young cattle (24.24% of the lot) died. Two sick sheep were sent to the Veterinary Pathology Sector, Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Lavras (SPV/DMV/UFLA). Due to the severity of the clinical condition, both were euthanized. At necropsy were observed pale areas in the muscles, characterized histologically by varying degrees of necrosis and regeneration in skeletal and cardiac muscles. It was performed a chromatographic analysis (HPLC) of a sample of feed, which showed 97.14 mg monensin/kg of feed. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological, clinical, gross and histological findings, and toxicological analysis of the feed used. Although the use of "scan feed mill" seems an economically attractive option for producers it presents risks and is not recommended.(AU)

Metastasizing oral melanoma in a cow / Melanoma oral metastático em uma vaca

A malignant dendritic melanoma of the oral cavity with metastases widely spread in a cow is described. The clinicopathological manifestations, developed during a two-year period, was characterized by the difficulty in mastication and swallowing, progressive weight loss, weakness and profuse sialorrhea. At the necropsy, an ulcerated black mass was found at the left jaw projecting into the oral cavity. The tumor reached the chin, inferior lip and tongue. Metastases were detected within the tongue, parotid gland, lymph nodes, trachea, thyroid, pleura, lungs, heart, peritoneum, omentum, and serosal membranes of the forestomach and abomasum, liver, and intima of some hepatic vessels, mammary gland, and muscles and fasciae of the left hind leg. No reference to metastasizing oral dendritic melanoma in the oral cavity of the cattle has been mentioned in the literature.

Neste trabalho, descreve-se um caso de melanoma dendrítico maligno da cavidade oral em uma vaca, com metástases amplamente disseminadas. A evolução clínica foi de dois anos, e o quadro clínico-patológico caracterizou-se por dificuldade na mastigação e deglutição, perda de peso progressiva, fraqueza e sialorréia profusa. À necropsia, uma massa enegrecida e ulcerada foi encontrada na mandíbula esquerda e projetava-se para a cavidade oral. O tumor envolvia principalmente a porção cranial do ramo horizontal esquerdo da mandíbula e alcançou o mento, o lábio inferior, a gengiva e a língua. Metástases foram detectadas na língua, na glândula parótida, nos linfonodos, na traquéia, na tireóide, na pleura, nos pulmões, no coração, no peritônio, no omento e na serosa dos pré-estômagos e do abomaso, do fígado e da íntima de alguns vasos hepáticos, da glândula mamária e das fáscias e dos músculos do membro posterior esquerdo. Histologicamente o tumor primário e as metástases eram do tipo dendrítico. Não encontramos referências a melanomas primários de mandíbula com metástases em bovinos.