[Effect of low intensive helium-neon laser on superoxide-producing and methemoglobin-restoring activity of cytochrome b558III of red cell membranes in experiment].

It is established that low-energy He-Ne laser without changes from the side of NADPH-dependent superoxide-producing activity of b558III cytochrome isolated from erythrocytic membranes (EM) promotes b558III activity decrease in EM. The level of metHb-restoring activity increases during irradiation by He-Ne laser. The form of optical spectrum of b558III cytochrome absorption in the visible spectrum area does not undergo essential changes after laser irradiation while optical spectral index (A412/A530) is reduced a little. It is supposed that in the basis of photochemical mechanisms of He-Ne laser protector action in oxidative stress lays its ability to increase EM stability due to a decrease of superoxide-producing and an increase of metHb-restoring activity of b558III cytochrome

[The mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of carbonate mineral baths in ischemic brain lesions]. / Mekhanizmy neiroprotektornogo deistviia uglekislykh mineral'nykh vann pri ishemicheskikh porazheniiakh golovnogo mozga.

Effects of Arzni effervescent mineral baths (EMB) on brain tissue metabolism were studied on white rats (normal controls and those with transitory cerebral ischemia). It was found that EMB prevent ischemia-related disorders of phospholipid and adeninnucleotide pools, promote an increase in vasoactive prostaglandins in brain tissue, shifts in catecholamines concentrations in the hemispheres and hypothalamus, inhibit the activity of monoaminoxidase and absorption of 3H-noradrenaline by brains sections. Mechanisms of neuroprotective action of Arzni EMB in cerebral ischemia are considered.

[Contractile capacity of isolated flaps from the aorta of rats with stable arterial hypertension caused by the prolonged administration of cerebrosides]. / Sokratitel'naia sposobnost' izolirovannykh loskutov iz aorty krys so stoikoi arterial'noi gipertenziei, vyzvannoi dlitel'nym vvedeniem tserebrozidov.

A study was made of the contractility of smooth muscle cells of abdominal aorta strips of noninbred white rats with stable arterial hypertension induced by protracted intraperitoneal injection of cerebrosides isolated from cattle brain. It was demonstrated that as compared with normotensive animals, smooth muscle cells of the animals' arteries are characterized by the increased influx of extracellular calcium via slow potential-dependent calcium channels and hypersensitivity to noradrenaline and serotonin.

[Analysis of the membrane effects of gangliosides]. / Analiz membrannykh éffektov gangliozidov.

Gangliosides interact with human serum albumin, inducing conformational changes in its globule. Gangliosides bring about an increase in the binding constant of the fluorescent probe 1-anilinonapthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) with model phospholipid membranes, a decrease in the rate of pyrene diffusion in liposomes. Gangliosides raise the fluorescence intensity of ANS bound with the erythrocytic membrane as the binding constant of the probe-membrane increases, the fluorescence of tryptophanils of membranous proteins gets intensified, the fluorescence maximum of ANS and tryptophan residues shifts to the short-wave area, and the accessibility of tryptophan residues for NO-3 decreases. At the same time there is a reduction in the efficacy of energy migration from tryptophan to ANS and NAD X H2. The data obtained attest to the capability of gangliosides of influencing the conformation of both the lipid and protein phases of biological membranes.

[Glycosphingolipid content and beta-galacto- and beta-glucosidase activity of the blood in acute myocardial infarction and postinfarction cardiosclerosis]. / Soderzhanie glikosfingolipidov i aktivnost' beta-galakto- i beta-gliukozidaz v krovi pri ostrom infarkte miokarda i postinfarktnom kardioskleroze.

Content of acid and neutral glycosphingolipids was distinctly higher in blood plasma and cells of patients with acute myocardium infarction as compared with healthy persons. In leukocytes of the patients activity of beta-galactosidase, exhibiting pH optimum at pH 3.6, was decreased with simultaneous activation of beta-galactosidase at pH 5.5 and of beta-glucosidase (at pH 4.0 and 5.5). Content of glycosphingolipids in blood decreased in post-infractional myocardial cardiosclerosis but remained sufficiently high as compared with controls. In the cardiosclerosis activity of beta-galactosidase was increased at pH 3.6 as compared with the acute infarction; this activity was decreased at pH 5.5 Activity of beta-glucosidase at the both pH values (pH 4.0 and 5.5) was decreased down to the normal values.

[Effect of gangliosides on Na-K-ATPase activity and the conformation of microsomal membranes]. / Vliianie gangliozidov na aktivnost' Na-K-ATF-azy i konformatsiiu mikrosomal'nykh membran.

The effect of gangliosides on the activity of Na, K-ATPase and K-dependent nitrophenyl-phosphatase was studied. Low concentrations of gangliosides proved to activate Na, K-ATPase, and high ones to inhibit it. All the concentrations of gangliosides produced only an inhibitory effect on the K-dependent nitrophenyl-phosphatase. Inhibition of the enzyme by gangliosides is reversible and competitive in respect to K+. Calculation of Hill's coefficient demonstrated that both in case of the activating and of the inhibitory action gangliosides acted allosteric effectors. To ascertain the action mechanism of gangliosides on the enzyme their effect on the microsomal membranes was studied by the fluorescent probe method. Gangliosides were found to produce marked conformation shifts in the membranes of the brain microsomes.

[Blood glycolipids of patients with cerebral circulatory disorders]. / Glikolipidy krovi u bol'nykh s rasstroistvami mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

The paper is concerned with a study of the glycolipid content in the blood of 70 patients with acute disorders of brain circulation and in 14 patients with the initial signs of insufficiency of circulation. It was established that in the plasma and blood cells in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes the amount of gangliosides and cerebrosides were considerably higher than in normals (35 cases). In patients with transient disorders of brain circulation and initial signs of insufficiency of brain circulation the content of glycolipids is increased to a lesser degree. A conclusion has been made that there is a possible involvement of oligosaccharidceramides (mono- and asyalgangliosides, galactocerebrosides) in the occurrence of disorders in cerebral hemodynamics.

[Changes in the terminal oxidation and active transport of calcium ions in the cerebral mitochondria of white rats following chronic cerebroside administration]. / Izmenenie terminal'nogo okisleniia i aktivnogo transporta ionov kal'tsiia v mitokhondriiakh mozga belykh krys pri khronicheskom vvedenii tserebrozidov.

Terminal oxidation and active Ca ion transport have been studied in rat brain mitochondria following intraperitonial administrations of cerebrosides for 30 days. The results obtained have shown that cerebrosides inhibit terminal respiration at its 3rd metabolic state and reduce the rate of phosphorylation. ADP/O and ATP/t coefficients decrease due to the active transport of Ca ions. On increasing ADP and CaCl2 the time necessary for the binding and release of hydrogen ions is prolonged.