Newborns from women infected with COVID-19: somatic and metabolic status.

To date, there are limited data regarding manifestations of new coronavirus infection in infants born of SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, so the aim of this study is to investigate somatic and metabolic status of newborn infants born to mothers diagnosed with COVID-19. The investigation was carried out on the bases of Laboratory Diagnostic Department of Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavin and the Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry with Laboratory Diagnostics of Samara State Medical University. Under observation were 85 newborns, including 35 born of healthy mothers and 50 born of COVID-19 mothers.The somatic status of all newborns was assessed using the Apgar scale at the 1st and 5th minutes after birth. Also all newborns had general and biochemical blood tests and newborns from mothers with COVID-19 were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in oral and nasopharyngeal swabs. Thus, the study of somatic status revealed that of 50 neonates from women infected with COVID-19, only 18% were practically healthy, the rest had signs of prematurity, hypotrophy, perinatal CNS damage, diabetic fetopathy, pulmonary atelectasis, delayed intrauterine development, asphyxia. The metabolic state is characterised by decreased haemoglobin and platelets, increased concentration of total protein, including C-reactive protein, high transaminase activity, decreased sodium and chloride content. These parameters of general and biochemical blood tests can be considered as indicators for the evaluation of the condition of newborns from mothers with COVID-19.

Molecular profile of oral fluid in new coronavirus infection.

Oral fluid is an alternative biological material that confirms correlations with blood parameters in various pathological conditions of the body. In order to find a non-invasive approach to stratification of patients with COVID-19 disease, molecular biomarkers of the oral fluid have been determined in patients with moderate coronavirus infection in comparison with clinically healthy individuals. It has been shown that proteomic, carbohydrate, macro- and microelement profiles of the oral fluid in coronavirus infection can be used for diagnostics. The features of protein metabolism were revealed: an increase in the content of total protein, urea; increased activity of enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase; changes in carbohydrate metabolism, which is expressed by an increase in glucose and lactate levels, an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, iron content.

[Blood group and human diseases (review of literature).]

AB0 blood group antigens were discovered over a century ago; however, it is still important to study their role in development of various pathological conditions. Today it is known that antigenic determinants of this blood group are present not only on erythrocyte membrane but also on other cells and tissues: platelets, gastrointestinal epithelium and salivary glands, respiratory system cells. In the last decade, a large number of studies have appeared to reveal the relationship between a specific disease and blood group type, meta-analyses have been published. Previously, the authors have studied the metabolic status, cell composition and coagulation profile of clinically healthy individuals for more than on 180,000 donations, that allowed to identify groupspecific features for each blood group. This review presents generalized data on the association of such pathological conditions as coronary heart disease, thromboembolic complications, tumors of various localizations, inflammatory and destructive oral diseases, psychiatric and some infectious diseases with the presence or absence of antigenic determinants A and B. Carriers of blood group 0 (I) are generally more resistant to diseases, with the exception of H.pylori-associated gastrointestinal diseases. Carriers of «antigenic¼ blood groups A (II), B (III), AB (IV) are more susceptible to development of infectious, cardiovascular and cancer diseases. The presented data demonstrate clinical significance of the definition of group typing not only for selection of blood and its components during transfusion and transplantation, but also for diagnostics, determination of risk group and tactics for treatment patients with different nosologies.

[Сlinicmolecular indicators of inflammatory destructive damage of the oral cavity in periodontitis in persons with various group accessories of blood.]

In order to find a connection between the alteration of oral tissues and genetic predisposition to inflammatory and destructive processes in oral media, the cytokine profile of the oral fluid of clinically healthy individuals was determined for various blood group affiliations according to the AB0 system. The group-specific features of individuals with B(III) blood group were revealed: an increase of 32,5% in the content of interleukin-6 and 63,1% in the content of interleukin-8 compared with similar data for people with 0(I), A(II), AB(IV) blood groups, which can predispose to the greatest activity of the inflammatory process in the oral cavity in individuals with antigen B. Confirmation of this fact is an increase of IgA antibodies to gliadin in the blood among patients with chronic generalized periodontitis with B(III) blood group, up to 5,00 U/ml (p<0,01), which indicates the processes of acute inflammation, and along with an increase in blood IgG antibodies to transglutaminase in comparison with a group of clinically healthy individuals, it serves as an indicator of damage to the body's connective tissue at the molecular level. When examining the dental status, pronounced clinical manifestations of chronic generalized periodontitis were found in patients with A(II) blood group, the molecular foundation of which is the highest content of IgA and IgG antibodies to transglutaminase in the oral fluid (0,35 U/ml and 0,45 U/ml), which contributes to the activation of periodontal-destroying inflammatory and inflammatory processes, obviously, with a tendency to the chronic course of the disease. The studies performed allowed us to analyze in clinically healthy individuals a predisposition to alternative processes in oral environments, using gradation by group blood affiliation.

[Molecular markers of the oral mucosa damage in patients with leukemia.]

The criteria for early manifestations of mucosal lesions in patients with acute and chronic leukemia are distinguished: in the absence of complaints and changes in the index assessment of the oral cavity, a block of initial dental signs in the form of edema of the tongue and the smoothness of its papillae, pallor of the oral mucosa in patients with leukemia. In theoral fluid of patients with the initial signs of dental pathology in acute leukemia, a specific spectrum of disorders was established in the form of the lowest antibody level of immunoglobulin A class to transglutaminase in combination with a high amount of Ig G antibodies to transglutaminase - 8.73 ± 0.92 U / ml, which maximal level exceeds the reference limits by almost 4 times (38.80 U / ml) - that indicates structural changes in the connective tissues of the oral cavity. Under the influence of chemotherapy in these patients, the inversion of clinical manifestations of dental pathology was noted: stomatitis II (medium) severity is formed, bypassing I degree, accompanied by a 4-fold increase of IgA antibodies to transglutaminase (4.03 ± 0, 77 U / ml, p < 0.05) in the oral fluid of patients with acute leukemia and 2.5 times for chronic leukemias (3.24 ± 0.47 U / ml, p < 0.05) compared to pre-treatment period. In this regard, it is recommended to determine the content in the oral fluid for antibodies to transglutaminase in patients with leukemia for verification of the degree of inflammatory-destructive process and its recovery. The peculiarity of immunological shifts in stomatitis of the 1st degree of severity is the highest level of IgG antibodies to transglutaminase (9.98 ± 1.50 U / ml) in the oral fluid, and at II-III degree the molecular manifestations of damage are smoother, which indicates the depression of immune processes.

[The polymorphism of genes of synthesis and metabolism of estrogens and the risk of breast cancer].

The genetic polymorphism of enzymes of synthesis and metabolism of estrogens can input into predisposition to breast cancer. The purpose of actual study was to analyze the associations of polymorphic loci CYP17/B1rs10556836, CYP1A 1rs1048943, CYP1A2rs762551, CYP19A1rs2470152 and CYP17A1rs743572 with risk of development of breast cancer in Russian residents of the Western-Siberian region of Russia. The rates of alleles and genotypes of the given loci were determined in sampling of women suffering with breast cancer (n = 670 females) and in control group (480 females without oncological diseases). The sub-groups of patients with breast cancer in pre-menopause--and post-menopause were analyzed separately. The border-line association of locus CYP17A1rs743572 is demonstrated with increasing of risk of breast cancer during pre-menopause (allele C: p = 0.04). Among the rest of polymorphic loci no association was detected.

[Polymorphic variants of folate metabolizing genes (C677T and A1298C MTHFR, C1420T SHMT1 and G1958A MTHFD) are not associated with the risk of breast cancer in West Siberian Region of Russia].

Breast cancer is the most incident cancer among women. We investigated the role of polymorphisms of folate metabolizing genes MTHFR (C677T and A1298C), SHMT1 (C1420T) and MTHFD (G1258A) in genetic susceptibility to this type of cancer. We determined allele and genotype frequencies in case (850 women with sporadic form of breast cancer) and control (810 women) groups. None of these polymorphisms was significantly associated with breast cancer risk. To increase statistical power of our study, we conducted a meta-analysis which included published genotype data and the results of our work. Meta-analysis also revealed no significant association of studied SNPs with breast cancer.

[Effect of point substitutions in the MnSOD, GPX1, and GSTP1 genes on the risk of familial and sporadic breast cancers in residents of the Altai region of the Russian Federation].

The frequencies of the polymorphic gene variants MnSOD Ala9Val, GPX1 Pro198Leu, and GSTP1 Ile105 Val were estimated in female residents of Altai krai with breast cancer. The frequency distributions of the genotypes for all genes studied in both patients and control subjects fit the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The estimated frequencies of the genotypes for the studied genes in the control group did not differ from those earlier reported for Caucasoid women living in Europe. The T(rs1050450) allele of the GPX1 gene was demonstrated to protect against sporadic breast cancer (OR = 0.74 (95% CI = 0.58-0.94), p = 0.012). Carriers of the genotype combination MnSOD CC + GPX1 CC were found to have a 1.6 times higher risk of sporadic breast cancer compared to the control group (OR = 1.59 (1.05-2.41), p = 0.0258). The polymorphic loci GSTP1 (rs1695) and MnSOD (rs4880) were not found to be significantly associated with the risk of familial or sporadic breast cancer.

Studying the association of polymorphic variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes with breast cancer in female residents of Altai Krai.

The incidence of homozygote deletion of glutathione S-transferase genes M1 and T1 (null genotypes; or GSTM1"-" and GSTT1"-") was studied in breast cancer patients living in Altai Krai. DNA was isolated from blood samples of 695 breast cancer patients (291 patients with familial cancer and 404 patients with sporadic cancer) and 263 women without history of tumor diseases. The frequency of GSTM1"-" and GSTT1"-" genotypes was estimated in breast cancer patients (47.2 and 19.1%, respectively) and non-cancer participants (46.8 and 19.0%, respectively). No differences were found in the frequency of genotypes. The frequency of genotype combination GSTM1"-"+GSTT1"-" in patients with sporadic breast cancer (11.6%, 47 of 404 patients) was higher than in the control (6.1%, 16 of 263 patients; OR=2.03; 95% CI=2.09-3.83; p=0.02). The genotype frequency of genes in the control group did not differ from that in European residents of the Caucasian race.

Associations of polymorphic variant of MnSOD gene with breast cancer in residents of the Altai Region.

he incidence of MnSOD genotypes in residents of the Altai Region suffering from breast cancer and individuals without a history of cancer corresponded to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No association of MnSOD with the incidence of sporadic breast cancer was detected. No association of MnSOD, tobacco smoking, or menopausal status, on the one hand, and breast cancer development, on the other, was detected.