[Experimental substantiation of the possible optimization of integrative brain activity by the psychotropic drugs]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie vozmozhnosti optimizatsii psikhotropnymi sredstvami integrativnoi deiatel'nosti mozga.

The authors studied the influence of psychotropic drugs on nervous process integration corresponding to an external stereotype of the conditioned reflexes. The latter ones were worked out in dogs by the method of motor situational conditioned reflexes. The drugs that block M-choline- and adrenoreceptors (amizyl, amedin, pyrroxan) decreased the integration level. At the same time they optimized conditioned reflex activity and raised the integration coefficient of drugs having different action mechanisms: N-cholinolytic (pediphen), adrenostimulant (sydnocarb), and anticholinesterase (armine). Nootropyl (piracetam) produced the most powerful action. A suggestion is made about chemical heterogeneity of integrative mechanisms of higher nervous activity and about possibilities of optimizing disturbed integration induced by the influences on various neurotransmitter brain systems.

[Disruption of situational reflexes in experimental neurosis brought on by changes in the space factor]. / Narusheniia situatsinnykh refleksov pri éksperimental'nom nevroze, vyzvannom izmeneniem prostranstvennogo faktora.

Motor activity elaborated in dogs and consisting of delayed choice reactions in a stochastic system (methods developed by Beritashvili, Hunter) and of rhythmic stereotypes of motor situational reflexes (Kupalov method) was not impaired by changes in spatial parameters of unconditioned stimulus in the stochastic system of choosing one feeding trough out of five. The changes in the spatial arrangement of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in stable stereotypes led to changes in the behaviour of the animals and experimental neurosis with long-lasting disturbances in the situational conditioned reflexes and the short-term memory.

[Pharmakologic analysis of the interrelationship between long-term and short-term memory in dogs with systems of conditioned reflexes]. / Farmakologicheskii analiz vzaimosviazi kratkosrochnoi i dolgosrochnoi pamiati u sobak s sistemami uslovnykh refleksov

It has been shown in experiments on dogs with elaborated integrated systems of conditioned reflexes (by Kupalov method) and choice reactions (by Hunter method); that the physiological mechanisms of short-term and long-term memory are not strictly isolated; they include some common biochemical structures and are interrelated. The action of amizyl or armin on the cholinoreceptors disturbs the short-term memory and some elements of the long-term conditioned memory: the duration of retention of traces from conditioned and unconditioned alimentary stimuli is reduced; regulation of the course of stabilized conditioned stereotypes is disturbed; differentiation and use of previous experience (extraction of data from long-term memory) are impeded.

[Role of the central and peripheral cholinoreceptors in the processes of short-term memory]. / Rol' tsentral'nykh i perifericheskikh kholinoretseptorov v protsessakh kratkosrochnoi pamiati

Short-term memory with blocked cholinoreceptors was studied by the method of deferred reactions in the choice of one of 3--4 feeding troughs in tests staged on 5 dogs and 5 cats. Disturbances of short-term memory were caused by blocking of central m-cholinoreceptors with benactizyne (0.1--0.4 mg/kg). On abolishing peripheral symptoms arising under the effect of chlorpromazine with carbocholine (0.001 mg/kg) the short-term memory disturbances go on persisting. Blocking of peripheral m-cholino-receptors with lachesine (0.01--0.1 mg/kg) does not have any significant effect on the short-term memory. Under the blocking action of pediphen (0.5--2 mg/kg) on the cerebral n-cholinoreceptors the short-term memory improves with reduced memorization capacity.

[A pharmacologic analysis of preparatory mechanisms of stereotyped activity in dogs]. / Farmakologicheskii analiz podgotovitel'nykh mekhanizmov stereotipnoi deiatel'nosti sobek

In dogs with elaborated rhythmic and mozaic stereotypes of secretory and motor situational conditioned reflexes specific features were revealed in the action of some neurotropic drugs (amizyl, amedine, diphacil, pediphene, chlorpromazine and sodium oxybutyrate) on preparatory (latent) conditions of excitation and inhibition, appearing in the stabilized systems of reflexes. Pharmacological analysis has pointed to the predominantly cholinergic nature of preparatory and trigger mechanisms of alimentary conditioned activity. The blockade of M-cholinoreceptors (by means of amizyl and amedine) weakens or eliminates the preparatory conditions appearing in a dynamic stereotype and disturbs the trigger reactions within three to ten days. A pediphene blockade of H-cholinoreceptors intensifies the preparatory states.