RESUMO
Whether recurrent otitis media in infants and young children is followed by delayed language development was addressed by following 210 normal subjects longitudinally through the first 2 years of life with pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry performed at every physician encounter. Otitis accounted for 26% of the medical visits. One hundred fifty-six of these children had speech and hearing evaluation at 2 years of age. Thirty percent of the children with recurrent otitis media had a mild or moderate hearing loss. However, after multiple speech and language tests, we could not identify a delay in language acquisition in the otitis-prone children. At 3 to 4 years old, 36 children, including nine with a hearing loss at 2 years of age, were retested; all nine had normal hearing. Recurrent otitis media induced a temporary decrease in hearing sensitivity demonstrable at 2 years of age, which appeared to resolve as the children matured and which was not associated with delay in language acquisition.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Audição/etiologia , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/etiologia , Otite Média/complicações , Pré-Escolar , Testes Auditivos , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Prospectivos , RecidivaRESUMO
Two types of Hib vaccines were compared for efficacy and safety in 71 normal children in three age groups: 36 to 72 months, 15 to 18 months, and 6 to 8 months. One vaccine contained the Hib-specific capsular polysaccharide, PRP; the second vaccine contained PRP combined with pertussis vaccine, PRP-P. A third vaccine, DTP, was administered to a control group for each age. Anti-PRP antibody levels were greater after vaccination with PRP-P than after PRP in all three age groups. Immunoresponsiveness to both vaccines increased with age. A lower incidence of side effects was seen with both PRP (15%) and PRP-P (20%) than with DTP (56%). The results suggest that PRP-P is both well tolerated clinically and has greater immunogenicity than PRP.
Assuntos
Haemophilus influenzae/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/imunologia , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Toxoide Diftérico/administração & dosagem , Toxoide Diftérico/efeitos adversos , Toxoide Diftérico/imunologia , Febre/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Injeções Intramusculares , Injeções Subcutâneas , Vacina contra Coqueluche/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra Coqueluche/efeitos adversos , Vacina contra Coqueluche/imunologia , Toxoide Tetânico/administração & dosagem , Toxoide Tetânico/efeitos adversos , Toxoide Tetânico/imunologia , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Respiratory syncytial virus ts-1 is a live attenuated experimental vaccine which was administered intranasally to 25 infants 11 to 19 months of age. Clinical evaluation was carried out following a controlled, double-blind protocol which eliminated observer bias, assessed intercurrent illness, and was designed to detect virus transmission. At the low dose of virus of virus used (100 TCID50) 8 of the 25 recipients were successfully infected with RS virus ts-1 as determined by virus shedding or antibody response.
Assuntos
Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/imunologia , Vacinas Atenuadas , Vacinas Virais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Humanos , Lactente , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Vacinação , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagemRESUMO
A monovalent, zonally purified, inactivated influenza B vaccine was administered to 29 children, 3 to 6 years of age, and 16 infants, 12 to 28 months of age, as a single dose of 0.25 ml containing 250 chick cell agglutinating units. The vaccine was both antigenic and well tolerated in the older group of preschool children. In the infants the vaccine was also antigenic but poorly tolerated clinically. Febrile reactions to 102 or greater were seen in 9 of the 16 infants, and two of these infants experienced a seizure following vaccination. The clinical reactions observed with the administration of influenza B vaccine in the dose used in this study would suggest significant limitations on its use in children under 3 years of age.
Assuntos
Formação de Anticorpos , Febre , Vacinas contra Influenza/efeitos adversos , Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Eritema/etiologia , Febre/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Influenza Humana/imunologiaRESUMO
Influenza A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1 [E] (H3N2) vaccine was administered intranasally to 18 seronegative children 14 to 32 months of age. Fourteen children, 78%, shed influenza A/Hong Kong virus for a mean of eight days following vaccination. Sixteen children, 89%, experienced a fourfold or greater rise in hemagglutination-inhibition antibody. Some children appeared to experience a febrile reaction to the vaccine although interpretation of this data was complicated by intercurrent illness. These findings demonstrate that influenza A ts-1 [E] replicates more readily in the young seronegative child than in the HAI negative adult. In addition, the temperature-sensitive marker of the vaccine was not genetically stable in four of the vaccinated children. Careful evaluation of any future live respiratory viral vaccines needs to be undertaken in the young seronegative child before the vaccine's safety is fully established.