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1.
J Psychopharmacol ; 24(11): 1577-601, 2010 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20813762

RESUMO

Sleep disorders are common in the general population and even more so in clinical practice, yet are relatively poorly understood by doctors and other health care practitioners. These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines are designed to address this problem by providing an accessible up-to-date and evidence-based outline of the major issues, especially those relating to reliable diagnosis and appropriate treatment. A consensus meeting was held in London in May 2009. Those invited to attend included BAP members, representative clinicians with a strong interest in sleep disorders and recognized experts and advocates in the field, including a representative from mainland Europe and the USA. Presenters were asked to provide a review of the literature and identification of the standard of evidence in their area, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials where available, plus updates on current clinical practice. Each presentation was followed by discussion, aimed to reach consensus where the evidence and/or clinical experience was considered adequate or otherwise to flag the area as a direction for future research. A draft of the proceedings was then circulated to all participants for comment. Key subsequent publications were added by the writer and speakers at draft stage. All comments were incorporated as far as possible in the final document, which represents the views of all participants although the authors take final responsibility for the document.


Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/farmacocinética , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/uso terapêutico , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Transtornos Cronobiológicos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cronobiológicos/tratamento farmacológico , Consenso , Feminino , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Metanálise como Assunto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Neurotransmissores/farmacologia , Neurotransmissores/fisiologia , Gravidez , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/complicações , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/diagnóstico , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/economia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicações , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/economia , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
2.
J Sleep Res ; 7(3): 175-81, 1998 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9785272

RESUMO

We studied how forced-air warming, conventionally used to control body temperature during and after anaesthesia, affected the nocturnal rectal temperatures and sleep composition of young men and women. Seven healthy women who were taking oral or injection contraceptives, and six healthy men spent 3 nights in a controlled environment: an adaptation night followed by 2 nights when they slept under either a down duvet (baseline) or a quilt perfused with warm air (hot). Repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant gender differences in the body temperature responses. On the baseline night, despite sleeping under the same conditions, the women did not show a nocturnal drop in body temperature as shown by the men. Forced-air warming increased body temperature to a similar extent in the men and the women, and resulted in enhanced hyperthermia in the women, and blunted the drop in body temperature in the men, compared to their baseline nights. The significant increases in body temperature had no consequences, however, for the subjective sleep quality of either the men or women, and only minor consequences for objective sleep composition. Both men and women had increased amounts of Stage 2 sleep on the hot night (P < 0.04). In addition, the women had reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep when compared to their baseline night (P < 0.04). Our results confirm that in a passive thermal environment, women who are taking oral or injection contraceptives have higher nocturnal body temperatures than men. Also, as sleep architecture was minimally affected by the increases in body temperature of between 0.2 and 0.3 degree C on the hot night in the men and women, and subjective sleep quality was unaffected, our results question the existence of a tight association between sleep and body temperature.


Assuntos
Ar , Temperatura Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ritmo Circadiano , Anticoncepcionais/farmacologia , Sono REM/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura , Adulto , Estradiol/sangue , Estradiol/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Progesterona/sangue , Progesterona/metabolismo
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