The effect of phthalocyanine's periphery on the biological activities of carbazole-containing metal phthalocyanines.

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of two new mono- and di-substituted phthalonitriles namely 4-((9H-carbazol-3-yl)oxy)-5-chlorophthalonitrile and 4,5-bis((9H-carbazol-3-yl)oxy)phthalonitrile, respectively. Cyclotetramerization of the new phthalonitriles in the presence of zinc(II) acetate resulted in related zinc(II) phthalocyanines. To study the effect of the position and number of substituents on the biological properties of the phthalocyanines, peripherally or non-peripherally tetra-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines bearing (9H-carbazol-3-yl)oxy groups, as well as axially di-substituted silicon phthalocyanines containing the same groups, were prepared. Since gold nanoparticles are well-known as efficient drug delivery agents, the surface of these metal nanoparticles was functionalized with all the compounds. This modification also improved the solubility of the phthalocyanines in aqueous media. In this study, the antioxidant, DNA cleavage, and toxic/phototoxic activities of the resultant nanoconjugates were examined. With a combination of metal ion and substituent (nature, number, and position) effects, the silicon(IV) phthalocyanine exhibited the highest biological properties.

Determination of Aluminum in Dialysis Concentrates by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Coprecipitation with Lanthanum Phosphate.

This method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of aluminum(III) in dialysis concentrates using atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation with lanthanum phosphate. The analytical parameters that influenced the quantitative coprecipitation of analyte including amount of lanthanum, amount of phosfate, pH and duration time were optimized. The % recoveries of the analyte ion were in the range of 95-105 % with limit of detection (3s) of 0.5 µg l-1. Preconcentration factor was found as 1000 and Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) % value obtained from model solutions was 2.5% for 0.02 mg L-1. The accuracy of the method was evaluated with standard reference material (CWW-TMD Waste Water). The method was also applied to most concentrated acidic and basic dialysis concentrates with satisfactory results.

Gram (-) microorganisms DNA polymerase inhibition, antibacterial and chemical properties of fruit and leaf extracts of Sorbus acuparia and Sorbus caucasica var. yaltirikii.

Investigation of novel plant-based agents might provide alternative antibiotics and thus fight antibiotic resistance. Here, we measured the ability of fruit and leaf extracts of Sorbus aucuparia (Sauc) and endemic Sorbus caucasica var. yaltirikii (Scau) to inhibit nonreplicative (Klenow Fragment-KF and Bacillus Large Fragment-BLF) and replicative (DnaE and PolC) bacterial DNA polymerases along with their antimicrobial, DPPH free radical scavenging activity (RSA), and chemical contents by total phenolic content and HPLC-DAD analysis. We found that leaf extracts had nearly 10-fold higher RSA and 5-fold greater TPC than the corresponding fruit extracts. All extracts had large amounts of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and rutin, while fruit extracts had large amounts of quercetin. Hydrolysis of fruit extracts revealed mainly caffeic acid from CGA (caffeoylquinic acid) and quercetin from rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), as well as CGA and derivatives of CGA and p-coumaric acid. Plant extracts of Sorbus species showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative microorganisms. Scau leaf extracts exhibited strong inhibition of KF activity. Sauc and Scau leaf extracts also strongly inhibited two replicative DNA polymerases. Thus, these species can be considered a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents specific for Gram-negative bacteria.