Development of Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network Using Neuro-Fuzzy Approach.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of sensor nodes with limited processing capability and limited nonrechargeable battery power. Energy consumption in WSN is a significant issue in networks for improving network lifetime. It is essential to develop an energy aware clustering protocol in WSN to reduce energy consumption for increasing network lifetime. In this paper, a neuro-fuzzy energy aware clustering scheme (NFEACS) is proposed to form optimum and energy aware clusters. NFEACS consists of two parts: fuzzy subsystem and neural network system that achieved energy efficiency in forming clusters and cluster heads in WSN. NFEACS used neural network that provides effective training set related to energy and received signal strength of all nodes to estimate the expected energy for tentative cluster heads. Sensor nodes with higher energy are trained with center location of base station to select energy aware cluster heads. Fuzzy rule is used in fuzzy logic part that inputs to form clusters. NFEACS is designed for WSN handling mobility of node. The proposed scheme NFEACS is compared with related clustering schemes, cluster-head election mechanism using fuzzy logic, and energy aware fuzzy unequal clustering. The experiment results show that NFEACS performs better than the other related schemes.

A swarm optimized neural network system for classification of microcalcification in mammograms.

Early detection of microcalcification clusters in breast tissue will significantly increase the survival rate of the patients. Radiologists use mammography for breast cancer diagnosis at early stage. It is a very challenging and difficult task for radiologists to correctly classify the abnormal regions in the breast tissue, because mammograms are noisy images. To improve the accuracy rate of detection of breast cancer, a novel intelligent computer aided classifier is used, which detects the presence of microcalcification clusters. In this paper, an innovative approach for detection of microcalcification in digital mammograms using Swarm Optimization Neural Network (SONN) is used. Prior to classification Laws texture features are extracted from the image to capture descriptive texture information. These features are used to extract texture energy measures from the Region of Interest (ROI) containing microcalcification (MC). A feedforward neural network is used for detection of abnormal regions in breast tissue is optimally designed using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The proposed intelligent classifier is evaluated based on the MIAS database where 51 malignant, 63 benign and 208 normal images are utilized. The approach has also been tested on 216 real time clinical images having abnormalities which showed that the results are statistically significant. With the proposed methodology, the area under the ROC curve (A ( z )) reached 0.9761 for MIAS database and 0.9138 for real clinical images. The classification results prove that the proposed swarm optimally tuned neural network highly contribute to computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer.