Isotemporal Substitution of Sedentary Time With Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged and Older Latinos: Effects on Episodic Memory.

PURPOSE: To examine the estimated effects of substituting 30 min of sedentary time with low-light physical activity (LLPA) and high-light physical activity (HLPA) on episodic memory, executive functioning, and working memory among middle-aged and older Latinos. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Chicago and Chicagoland suburbs. SUBJECTS: Middle-aged and older Latinos (n = 61). MEASURES: Accelerometer-assessed physical activity. A cognitive battery was administered to assess episodic memory, executive function, and working memory. ANALYSIS: Isotemporal substitution analyses were conducted, where unstandardized coefficients from linear regression models were used to examine the substitution effect of replacing sedentary time with LLPA and HLPA. RESULTS: Substitution of sedentary time with LLPA was associated with better episodic memory (Immediate recall, B = .947, P = .008; Delayed recall, B = .857, P = .013). No other significant substitution effects were present. CONCLUSION: Middle-aged and older Latinos who replace sedentary time with LLPA may have better episodic memory. Future studies may target light physical activity to address cognition disparities and can inform the development of physical activity interventions that are appealing and accessible for Latinos.

Relationships of Low Cognitive Performance and Sleep Disorder With Functional Disabilities Among Older Adults.

ObjectivesThis study examined the relationships of low cognitive performance and sleep disorder with functional disabilities among older adults. Methods: NHANES 2011-2014 data on 3179 individuals [Mage=69.71] were analyzed. Functional domains included: activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL) and leisure and social activities (LSA). Animal Fluency Test and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test assessed cognitive performance. Participants self-reported having physician-diagnosed sleep disorder. Results: Participants with both low cognitive performance and sleep disorder had 4- to 10-times greater odds for ADL, IADL, and LSA difficulties compared to the participants with no low cognitive performance/sleep disorder. Participants with only low cognitive performance and those with only sleep disorder were two to three times more likely to experience these difficulties. Discussion: Low cognitive performance and sleep disorder together or independently were associated with functional disabilities. Participants with both low cognitive performance and sleep disorder had higher odds of functional disabilities.

Effects of reducing sedentary behaviour duration by increasing physical activity, on cognitive function, brain function and structure across the lifespan: a systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Greater engagement in sedentary behaviours has been related to poorer cognitive functions in epidemiological research. However, the effects of reducing sedentary behaviour duration on cognitive function, brain function, and structure remain poorly understood. This systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence on the effects of reducing sedentary behaviour duration by increasing time spent in physical activity on cognitive function, brain structure and function in apparently healthy children, adolescents and adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The protocol follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The literature search will be conducted (search dates: August-September 2022) across six databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (via EBSCO Host), PsycINFO (via ProQuest), SPORTDiscus and Web of Science (Science and Social Science Citation Index). The inclusion criteria are as follows: randomised and non-randomised experimental studies as defined by the Cochrane Handbook, published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, and as theses or dissertations. References of included papers will be screened for additional studies. Acute and chronic interventions targeting children (≥ 4 years), adolescents, younger adults (≥ 18-40 years), middle-aged (40-64 years) and older adults (65+ years) will be eligible. Methodological quality will be assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Qualitative synthesis will be stratified by intervention type (acute vs chronic), intervention content (reducing sedentary time or interrupting prolonged sitting) and outcome (cognitive, brain structure and function). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No primary data collection will be conducted as part of this systematic review. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and social media. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020200998.