The adaptation states of women with urinary incontinence according to the Roy Adaptation Model: A qualitative study.

AIMS: This study aimed to explore experiences of women with urinary incontinence (UI) according to the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM). METHODS: A phenomenological design was used in this study, and its conceptual framework was formed by the RAM. The sample was composed of 12 women with UI. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted according to data collection tools. Semi-structured interviews were recorded in audio-recording device. Thematic approach was used to assess the data. RESULTS: The average age of the women was 52.77 ± 7.32 years, seven women had menopause, eight had vaginal birth. According to the thematic approach, four main themes emerged: physiological mode, self-esteem mode, role function mode, and interdependence mode and they had difficulties in this regard. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that women cannot adapt to the problem of incontinence according to the dimensions of RAM. These factors are important to consider when developing strategies to address UI, diagnosis, and treatment.

Effects of Oral Stimulation and Supplemental Nursing System on the Transition Time to Full Breast of Mother and Sucking Success in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral stimulation and a supplemental nursing system on the time to full maternal breastfeeding and sucking success in preterm infants. The sample consisted of 70 preterm babies. Oral motor stimulation and a supplemental nursing system were applied to the preterm infants in the experimental group, while no intervention was applied to those in the control group. Significant differences were found between the two groups concerning transition time to oral feeding, transition weight, transition time to full maternal breast, discharge age, duration, and weight, LATCH mean scores, continuing to suck in the first month after discharge, and weight averages. Oral stimulation and a supplemental nursing system shortened the transition period to oral feeding and full breastfeeding, increased breastfeeding rates and the sustainability of breastfeeding, and did not affect the period of discharge and vital signs during feeding in preterm babies.

Early Detection and Control of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus Outbreak in an Intensive Care Unit.

BACKGROUND: Although Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens of healthcare associated infections, we had only sporadic cases in our intensive care unit (ICU) for years. AIMS: To investigate the sudden increase in the number of MRSA cases in ICU. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. METHODS: From the 5th December 2016 to 26th January 2017, we detected 11 new MRSA cases in ICU. Screening of 73 ICU healthcare workers (HCWs) and screening of 13 patients was performed for outbreak investigation. Nine clinical isolates available in stocks and eight screening MRSA isolates were included in molecular studies. PFGE, spa-mecA-mecC-PVL in-house multiplex PCR assay and spa typing, SCCmec typing were performed for all isolates. Sequence type of the representative strain was determined by Multi-Locus Sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS: All strains were mecA positive, PVL negative, and have the same antimicrobial susceptibility pattern except for two strains. All clinical, two patient screening and three nasal isolates of HCWs showed the same pulsotype, named clone A. The spa type of outbreak isolates is t030 and the SCCmec type is SCCmecIII; the MLST type of representative strain is ST239 (PFGE pulsotype A, ST239-SCCmecIII-t030). Unrelated three isolates had PFGE pulsotype B-SCCmecI-t030, PFGE pulsotype C-SCCmecIII-t459, PFGE pulsotype D-SCCmecIII. CONCLUSION: Molecular typing techniques are the cornerstones for the investigation of outbreaks. Infection control measures, such as enhancing cleaning procedures, promoting hand hygiene, should be enforced in the ICU unit. All patients, including those who have already been discharged to other departments, must be put on contact isolation. HCWs carrying the MRSA strains could be offered decolonization.

The effect of individual counseling intervention on health practices in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.

This research was carried out to determine the effect of individual counseling intervention on health practices in pregnancy. This research is a single-blind randomized controlled experimental and follow-up design. Population of the research consisted of 126 pregnant women in total, with 64 of them being in the training group and 64 being in the control group. The research data were collected by using a 'Pregnant Identifying Information Form' and 'Health Practices in Pregnancy Questionnaire (HPQ)'. In this research, it was found that there was no significant difference in total score average of the HPQ before the individual counseling training between the pregnant women in the training and control groups (P > 0.05). It was also determined that there was a statistically significant difference in total score average of the HPQ after the individual counseling training during the second trimester between the two groups (P < 0.05). It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in total score average of the HPQ during the third trimester between two groups (P < 0.05). It has been determined that the training provided with individual counseling to pregnant women is an effective initiative in increasing the health practices of pregnant women.

Women's experiences after abnormal Pap smear results: a qualitative study.

Background: Abnormal Pap smear result means there have been cell changes on the cervix but are not cancer. Women with abnormal test result may be affected from this situation. What do women with abnormal Pap smear results experience from a biopsychosocial perspective?Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of women with abnormal Pap smear results according to the biopsychosocial model.Methods: This phenomenological study's data were collected in interviews with 12 women who had abnormal Pap smear test results. Data collection tool consists of two parts that are an "Women's Information Form (WIF)" identifying women and semi-structured "Interview Form". Interviews were done face-to-face by using in-depth interviews technique. Semi-structured interview was recorded in audio recording device. Thematic approach was used to assess the data.Results: The average age of the women was 42.5 ± 3.64, their age at first sexual intercourse was 23.0 ± 2.8 years and all of them were legally married. Five main themes were determined, which were grouped under the Biopsychosocial Model Domains. The Biological Domain themes were Perception of Health and Disease, and Cervical Cancer Risk Factors; the Psychological Domain themes were Positive Feelings and Negative Feelings; the Social Domain theme was Continuing Social Life.Conclusions: It was concluded that the cultural beliefs, perceptions, emotions and practices of women with abnormal Pap smear results should be considered in the diagnostic and treatment processes. These characteristics of women's experience are also important to consider when developing strategies to address barriers to effective cervical screening, diagnosis and treatment.

Violence against women: prevalence and risk factors in Turkish sample.

BACKGROUND: This study reports on a large cross-sectional study of violence against women in Turkey, and outlines the risk factors associated with intimate partner violence. The purpose of this study was to identify in order to evaluate the domestic violence against women living in Manisa and to determine the risk factors affecting this situation. METHODS: We implemented a cross-sectional descriptive study in the Manisa province of Turkey. The research data were collected by using a "Women's Information Form" consisting of 32 items, and "Scale of Domestic Violence Against Women". The study was conducted with 1760 women who complied with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: It was determined that score averages of 30.0% of women from the scale of domestic violence against women were above the score average of the scale (71.38 ± 10.71) and they were exposed to violence more than the others. A statistically significant difference was obtained in the statistical analysis made between score averages from the scale of domestic violence against women and such variables as age, education, employment status, social insurance, immigration status, place of residence, marital age, year of marriage of women; age, education status, employment status of husband; and whether the husband has another wife (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was also found out that the rate of domestic violence against women is high, women does not perceive many behaviors of their husbands as violence, and the most important factor leading to this situation is social status. It is believed that the results of the study will be a guidance to local authorities, formal and voluntary organizations, educational institutions, and relevant researchers in the prevention of violence against women.

Perception scale of barriers to contraceptive use: a methodological study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to design and develop the Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use (PSBCU) as a measurement tool for the qualitative assessment of the barriers and obstacles women perceived with regard to contraceptive use or low rates of contraceptive use in women using family planning services. METHOD: The data for this methodological study were collected using the face-to-face interview technique from 320 married women between the ages of 15-49 who were attending clinics at the Hafsa Sultan Hospital, CBU. The data collection tools used in the study, which was carried out from May to September 2014, were the "Introductory Information Form" and the "Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use". Language validity and construct validity (explanatory factor analysis) were applied in order to test the validity of the Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use. RESULTS: Kaiser Meier Olkin (KMO) analysis was performed to determine the availability of the scale for the size of participants. The sample adequacy calculated as the KMO value was 0.916 and the Bartlett's Test of Sphericity (X2 = 6721.793 p < 0.000) sample size analysis value was found to be sufficient for factor analysis. The total Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 34 items which included three factors explaining 54.95% of the variance after Varimax rotation was calculated to be 0.95. The largest factor was the "cognitive domain" explaining 18.89% of the variance, followed by the "emotional domain" explaining 18.05% of the variance, and finally the "social domain" explaining 18.01% of the variance. Item-total score correlation coefficients of scale items were found to be between 0.54 and 0.83. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrateded that the "Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use" was valid and reliable. We believe that the scale is suitable for use by women in a family planning education and training programs in order to evaluate their situation. It should also be assessed for validity and reliability for different groups (adolescents, men, etc.).

The effects of Femore™ cream on sexual dysfunction in Turkish women.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of Femore™ cream on sexual dysfunction in menopause and women's satisfaction levels. BACKGROUND: The recent interest of public and the world of medicine in female sexual function have led to a rapid increase in the number of studies on the subject. DESIGN: The study was designed as an observational intervention study. METHODS: The research data were collected by using a Women Information Form consisting of 13 items; a Sexual Function Index to measure sexual function; and a Satisfaction Determination Form to determine the level of satisfaction with the medical service the women received for the problems with their reproductive organs. The study was conducted with 29 menopausal women who complied with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: It was found that women's average age was 52·6; that the average menarche age was 13·0; and that the average menopause age was 46·2. The major complaint of nearly all the women who were aware of their sexual dysfunction was vaginal dryness, and it was concluded that they took no precautions against this problem. The total scores obtained from the Sexual Function Index were reported to be an average of 18·8 ± 4·2 before use of Femore™ cream and an average of 42·3 ± 2·0 after use of Femore™ cream. The average score concerning satisfaction with the use of Femore™ cream was noted to be 9·06 ± 0·40. CONCLUSIONS: The study results suggested that applying Femore™ cream had positive influences on sexual dysfunction and all subdomains. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Women's sexual health can therefore be assessed at primary care centres, and it is considered that health professionals employed at these centres, a majority of whom are female nurses and obstetricians, can play an important role in guiding women on the issue.

Transgenerational attachment in Manisa, Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted with the purpose of proving transgenerational attachment by determining the relationship between the adult attachment patterns of mothers and grandmothers as well as the relationship between the adult attachment patterns of mothers and maternal attachment. METHODS: The population of the study consisted of mothers and grandmothers registered with the Manisa Village Clinics. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between January and July 2007. The universe of research consisted of 1400 infants between 1 and 4 months old and their mothers and grandmothers who lived in the urban center of Manisa. Consequently, research was conducted with 140 mothers and their own mothers by determining the number of individuals needed to serve as sample from 11 village clinics by the Stratified Random Sampling Method. As tools for data collection, a Maternal Attachment Inventory, an Inventory of Experiences in Close Relationships and forms collecting information relating to mothers and grandmothers were prepared and used by the researchers. RESULTS: A positive, strong and significant correlation was determined between the anxiety and avoidance attachment patterns of the mothers and those of the grandmothers (Anxiety: r = 0.556, p < 0.001; Avoidance: r = 0.683, p < 0.001). A negative correlation of medium significance was determined between the anxiety and avoidance attachment patterns of mothers and their maternal attachment (Anxiety: r = -0.321, p < 0.05; Avoidance: r = -0.281, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is thought that attachment patterns are transmitted across generations. Considering the fact that attachment is a multifactorial process, it is suggested that nurses and other health personnel should support families in improving the quality of parent-baby interaction. Additional research is needed to focus on improving the analysis and development of new strategies which will enrich the secure attachment level of the mothers of today, who will become the grandmothers of the future.

Effect of antioxidant treatment on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel.

INTRODUCTION: This study examined the antioxidant treatment on the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel after bleaching with two different bleaching systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy flat enamel surfaces were prepared from freshly extracted human molars using a low speed diamond saw. Then the specimens were divided into seven random groups (n = 10) to apply different procedures; namely, bleaching with White Smile and bonding with composite resin (G1), bleaching with White Smile, treatment with ascorbic acid and bonding with composite resin (G2), bleaching with White Smile, immersing in artificial saliva for 2 weeks and bonding with composite resin (G3), bleaching with Opalesence and bonding with composite resin (G4), bleaching with Opalesence, treatment with ascorbic acid and bonding with composite resin (G5) and bleaching with Opalesence, immersing in artificial saliva for 2 weeks and bonding with composite resin (G6). Another group was used as a control group. Shear bond test was performed on all specimens and data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Bond strengths of bleached specimens were significantly lower than those of non-bleached specimens. No statistical difference was found in bond strength between the bleached and non-bleached groups when the antioxidant treatment was carried out. CONCLUSION: Ten per cent ascorbic acid treatment was found to be an effective method to reverse the compromised bond strength.