[Implementation strategies of nursing processes for an HIV-positive patient]. / Estratégias de implementação do processo de enfermagem para uma pessoa infectada pelo HIV.

Aiming at valuing the use of strategies such as teaching and learning methods, the relaxation technique and coping are described in a case study concerning a hospitalized HIV-positive person presenting the Acquired Immuno-Defficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The Conceptual Model proposed by Dorothéia Orem (OREM, 1985), Risner's proposal for the conduction of diagnostic thinking and the Nursing Diagnostic Unifying System proposed by NANDA (NANDA, 1996) were use as theoretical framework. Among the identified diagnoses, three were selected in order to exemplify the planning, implementation and process evaluation phases.

Evidence for genetic etiology of heteroploidy in embryos of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

The Japanese quail was used as an experimental system to detect the effects of genes that affect chromosome behavior and distribution. From a random-bred population, three inbred generations were produced by full-sib matings in 36 families. The expectation from such a breeding scheme was that embryos bearing aberrations induced by recessive mutant genes would cluster within families and recur in particular lineages. Chromosomal aberrations caused by errors during fertilization, cleavage mitosis, and gametogenesis were scored in 2,037 16- to 18-h embryos from 107 families. Comparisons of the observed frequencies among families and lineages and pedigree analysis indicated that four types of chromosome aberrations had a genetic basis: (1) triploidy and triploid chimerism; (2) haploidy and haploid chimerism; (3) diploid/tetraploid mosaicism; and (4) a new aberration, referred to as "atypical mitotic metaphase." Analysis of the sex-chromosome complements of the embryos indicated that triploidy resulted predominantly from diploid ova, haploid cell lines originated from supernumerary sperm nuclei, and tetraploid cell lines resulted from endoreduplication or failure of cytokinesis. Clustering of triploidy in particular lineages was due to dispermy or recurrent suppression of one or both meiotic divisions during oogenesis.

Variability of C-banding patterns in Japanese quail chromosomes.

Observations were made of the C-banding patterns in several cells from 182 Japanese quail embryos to detect presence of stable variants. Each of the eight largest autosomes contains a C-band at the centromeric region. The short arm of autosome 8 is C-band positive, as is the entire W chromosome. The Z chromosome consistently contains an interstitial C-band in the long arm and a less prominent one in the short arm. Distinct variants of chromosome 4 and the Z chromosome were observed. In the Z chromosome a C-band at the terminal region of the short arm was markedly elongated in some embryos. Likewise, the short arm of chromosome 4 was much more prominent in one or both of the homologues in some embryos. Most of the microchromosomes contain a prominent C-band. The heteromorphisms are useful chromosome markers to detect the origins of heteroploidy in early embryos.