RESUMO
The review purposes are to (1) evaluate the experimental evidence for adverse effects on reproduction and metabolism and (2) identify the current knowledge of analytical procedures, biochemistry and environmental aspects relating to organotins. Organotins are pollutants that are used as biocides in antifouling paints. They produce endocrine-disrupting effects in mollusks, such as imposex. In rodents, organotin exposure induces developmental and reproductive toxicity as well as alteration of metabolic homeostasis through its action as an obesogen. The adverse effects that appear in rodents have raised concerns about organotins' potential health risk to humans in relation to organotin exposure. At present, triorganotin, such as tributyltin, have been demonstrated to produce imposex, and mammalian reproductive and metabolic toxicity. For most mammals, triorganotin exposure predominantly occurs through the ingestion, and this compound can cross the placenta. With these risks in mind, it is important to improve our knowledge of organotins' effects on environmental health.
Assuntos
Desinfetantes/toxicidade , Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Infertilidade Feminina/induzido quimicamente , Infertilidade Masculina/induzido quimicamente , Compostos Orgânicos de Estanho/toxicidade , Animais , Desinfetantes/química , Desinfetantes/metabolismo , Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Disruptores Endócrinos/química , Disruptores Endócrinos/metabolismo , Disruptores Endócrinos/farmacologia , Sistema Endócrino/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Endócrino/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Exposição Ambiental , Feminino , Humanos , Imunotoxinas/química , Imunotoxinas/metabolismo , Imunotoxinas/farmacologia , Imunotoxinas/toxicidade , Infertilidade Feminina/metabolismo , Infertilidade Masculina/metabolismo , Masculino , Obesidade/induzido quimicamente , Obesidade/metabolismo , Compostos Orgânicos de Estanho/química , Compostos Orgânicos de Estanho/metabolismo , Compostos Orgânicos de Estanho/farmacologia , Compostos de Trialquitina/química , Compostos de Trialquitina/metabolismo , Compostos de Trialquitina/farmacologia , Compostos de Trialquitina/toxicidadeRESUMO
Triorganotins, such as tributyltin (TBT), are environmental contaminants that are commonly used as antifouling agents for boats. However, TBT is also known to alter mammalian reproductive functions. Although the female sex hormones are primarily involved in the regulation of reproductive functions, 17ß-estradiol also protects against cardiovascular diseases, in that this hormone reduces the incidence of coronary artery disease via coronary vasodilation. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of 100 ng/kg TBT administered daily by oral gavage for 15 d on coronary functions in female Wistar rats. Findings were correlated with changes in sex steroids concentrations. Tributyltin significantly increased the baseline coronary perfusion pressure and impaired vasodilation induced by 17ß-estradiol. In addition, TBT markedly decreased serum 17ß-estradiol levels accompanied by a significant rise in serum progesterone levels. Tributyltin elevated collagen deposition in the heart interstitium and number of mast cells proximate to the cardiac vessels. There was a positive correlation between the increase in coronary perfusion pressure and incidence of cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, TBT induced endothelium denudation (scanning electron microscopy) and accumulation of platelets. Moreover, TBT impaired coronary vascular reactivity to estradiol (at least in part), resulting in endothelial denudation, enhanced collagen deposition and elevated number of mast cells. Taken together, the present results demonstrate that TBT exposure may be a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disorders in rats.
