RESUMO
Um quarto das brasileiras que vivem partos normais referem ter sido vítimas de violência e/ou maus-tratos nas maternidades, a chamada violência obstétrica. Nos últimos anos, ações mediadas pela internet, via redes sociais, e impulsionadas pelo movimento social de mulheres, especialmente mulheres mães, tornaram possível uma maior discussão e participação política na agenda de saúde sobre direitos reprodutivos. Este artigo relata duas iniciativas desenvolvidas em ambiente de conectividade, utilizando as novas mídias como ferramenta: o Teste da Violência Obstétrica e o videodocumentário "Violência obstétrica - a voz das brasileiras". As ações contribuíram para dar voz ativa às mulheres no combate à violência obstétrica; mostraram que as novas tecnologias de informação constituem importantes ferramentas de promoção da saúde da mulher e atestaram o grande potencial da internet para evidenciar violências antes pouco problematizadas, incentivando a realização de novas pesquisas na área.
La cuarta parte de las brasileñas que tienen partos normales declaran haber sido víctimas de violencia o malos tratos en las maternidades, la denominada violencia obstétrica. En los últimos años, acciones mediadas por internet, vía redes sociales, e impulsadas por el movimiento social de mujeres, especialmente mujeres madres, hicieron posible una mayor discusión y participación política en la agenda de salud sobre derechos reproductivos. Este artículo relata dos iniciativas desarrolladas en ambiente de conectividad, utilizando los nuevos medios como herramienta: el Test de la violencia obstétrica y el video-documental "Violencia obstétrica - la voz de las brasileñas". Las acciones contribuyeron para darles voz activa a las mujeres en el combate a la violencia obstétrica, mostraron que las nuevas tecnologías de información constituyen importantes herramientas de promoción de la salud de la mujer y mostraron el gran potencial de internet para mostrar violencias antes poco problematizadas, incentivando la realización de nuevas investigaciones en el área.
In Brazil, a quarter of the women experiencing vaginal delivery have reported to be victims of violence and/or abuse in hospitals, something called obstetric violence. In recent years, Internet-mediated actions conducted by women's social movements, and specifically mothers, fostered deeper debates and political participation on health and reproductive rights. This article reports two initiatives that use connected environments and new media as tools: the Obstetric Violence Test and the video documentary "Obstetric violence - the voice of Brazilian women". These actions have contributed to the replacement of the silence by the active voice against obstetric violence; they showed that new information technologies are very important tools in women's health promotion and bear witness to the great potential of the internet to highlight not previously problematized violence, thus encouraging new research in the area.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Violência , Saúde da Mulher , Internet , Tocologia , Parto Normal , BrasilRESUMO
Passiflora edulis has been used in traditional medicine as a sedative and to treat or prevent central disorders such as anxiety and insomnia. In this study, the central effects of the aqueous extract (AE), the butanolic fraction (BF), and the aqueous residual fraction (ARF) obtained from the pericarp of P. edulis flavicarpa were investigated in mice and the possible compounds involved in these putative neuropharmacologic effects were determined. AE, BF, and ARF increased the total time spent in the light compartment of the light:dark box, an anxiolytic-like effect, and AE also potentiated the hypnotic effects of ethyl ether, a sedative effect. The thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated the predominance of C-glycosylflavonoids in these extracts and fractions, which were identified as isoorientin, vicenin-2, spinosin, and 6,8-di-C-glycosylchrysin.
Assuntos
Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flores/química , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Neurofarmacologia , Passiflora/química , Administração Oral , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
It has been proposed that the ascending dorsal raphe (DR)-serotonergic (5-HT) pathway facilitates conditioned avoidance responses to potential or distal threat, while the DR-periventricular 5-HT pathway inhibits unconditioned flight reactions to proximal danger. Dysfunction on these pathways would be, respectively, related to generalized anxiety (GAD) and panic disorder (PD). To investigate this hypothesis, we microinjected into the rat DR the benzodiazepine inverse receptor agonist FG 7142, the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT or the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol. Animals were evaluated in the elevated T-maze (ETM) and light/dark transition test. These models generate defensive responses that have been related to GAD and PD. Experiments were also conducted in the ETM 14 days after the selective lesion of DR serotonergic neurons by 5,7-dihydroxytriptamine (DHT). In all cases, rats were pre-exposed to one of the open arms of the ETM 1 day before testing. The results showed that FG 7142 facilitated inhibitory avoidance, an anxiogenic effect, while impairing one-way escape, an anxiolytic effect. 8-OH-DPAT, muscimol, and 5,7-DHT-induced lesions acted in the opposite direction, impairing inhibitory avoidance while facilitating one-way escape from the open arm. In the light/dark transition, 8-OH-DPAT and muscimol increased the time spent in the lighted compartment, an anxiolytic effect. The data supports the view that distinct DR-5-HT pathways regulate neural mechanisms underlying GAD and PD.
