Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 10 de 10
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Plants (Basel) ; 11(5)2022 Feb 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35270066

RESUMO

Invasive plants' phytochemicals are important for their invasiveness, enabling them to spread in new environments. However, these chemicals could offer many pharmaceutical compounds or active ingredients for herbal preparations. This study provides the first LC-MS phytochemical screening of six invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in the Istria region (Croatia): Ailanthus altissima, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Conyza canadensis, Dittrichia viscosa, Erigeron annuus, and Xanthium strumarium. The study aims to identify and quantify the phenolic content of their leaf extracts and assess their antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. A total of 32 species-specific compounds were recorded. Neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, and 5-p-coumaroylquinic acids, quercetin-3-glucoside, and kaempferol hexoside were detected in all the tested IAPS. Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were the main components in all the tested IAPS, except in E. annuus, where flavanones dominated with a share of 70%. X. strumarium extract had the best activity against the tested bacteria, with an average MIC value of 0.11 mg/mL, while A. altissima and X. strumarium extracts had the best activity against the tested fungi, with an average MIC value of 0.21 mg/mL in both cases. All the plant extracts studied, except X. strumarium, were less cytotoxic than the positive control. The results provided additional information on the phytochemical properties of IAPS and their potential for use as antimicrobial agents.

2.
Front Nutr ; 8: 731869, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34692746

RESUMO

Lamb's lettuce is a popular winter salad, often grown in private vegetable plots, small local farms or in intensive vegetable production. It is usually marketed as a ready-to-eat produce in supermarkets. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in biochemical composition and degradation of bioactive compounds during consumer-relevant time of home-grown and store-bought Valerianella locusta "Vit" salad. Primary metabolites, assimilatory pigments as well as secondary metabolites were monitored during 1 week of refrigerated storage. Home-grown lamb's lettuce exhibited highest levels of total sugars, total organic acids, vitamin C, and total phenolic content as well as enhanced levels of most individual phenolic compounds and chloroplast pigments. Locally produced samples of lamb's lettuce also contained high levels of analyzed bioactive components. All samples retained most bioactive components during the entire period of refrigerated storage. The results underline the instability of vitamin C during refrigerated storage of lamb's lettuce and pinpoint this parameter as being the most affected by storage.

3.
Foods ; 10(7)2021 Jul 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34359449

RESUMO

We investigated how the quality of blackberry fruit changes during the ripening period. Since it is difficult to predict picking dates for blackberries, we were interested in how the quality of fully ripe fruit changed depending on the sampling date (from 28 July to 1 September). Blackberries (at full ripeness) were sampled at six weekly intervals and the contents of sugars, vitamin C, organic acids and phenolic components were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The colour parameters, total soluble solids and weight of the fruits were also measured. The results showed that the fruits at the last sampling had a significantly lower fruit weight and higher soluble solids. 'Cacanska Bestrna' had the highest fruit weight and vitamin C content (11.43 mg/100 g). The main sugars in blackberries were fructose (13.8-33.4 g/kg FW) and glucose (13.0-33.2 g/kg FW). 'Loch Ness' and 'Navaho' had a sweeter taste since they had the highest ratio of sugars and acids (S/A approx. 5.8) and 'Smoothstem' and 'Thornfree' had the sourest taste, with a ratio of S/A 2.5. Blackberries harvested at the first two samplings had lower anthocyanin contents than fruits from later sampling times. There were no significant differences in the content of flavonols, ellagitannins, flavanols or hydroxycinnamic acids during the ripening period. The content of vitamin C in the fruits did not change among samplings, but the fruits had a higher content of organic acids at the first two or three samplings. The results may be useful for both the processing industry and growers to set quality standards for each variety and to determine the optimal harvest time.

4.
J Sci Food Agric ; 100(1): 343-353, 2020 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31584698

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Herbs are rich in various beneficial bioactive compounds and they can be used for many different purposes. One of the most common is maceration of herbs in alcohol. Different substances respond differently to extraction in prepared solutions. It is very important to enhance the highest proportion of beneficial ingredients during the maceration process in a herbal liqueur. A comparative analysis of numerous different phenolic compounds from eight of the most frequently used herbs for making aperitifs in Europe was performed. RESULTS: In the comparison among all studied herbs, the highest phenolic content was found with Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) (14.61 mg g-1 ) and Mentha piperita (peppermint) (13.89 mg g-1 ), while the lowest content was found with Centaurium erythraea (common centaury) (3.96 mg g-1 ). Salvianolic acid isomers and caffeic acid derivatives were the greatest contributors to the total phenolic content in lemon balm, wormwood, peppermint, fennel and sage. These compounds contain more hydroxyl groups and they were better extracted at the beginning of the maceration process. Caraway and common centaury contain more flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol derivatives), with higher chemical stability and fewer hydroxyl groups in their structure. CONCLUSION: The compositions of eight herbal liqueurs were highly related to the presence of different herbal ingredients and their solubility in the extract over time. Most flavonol derivatives were extracted over a longer time and the two liqueurs (common centaury and caraway) therefore had the highest phenolic contents after 3 weeks of maceration. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.


Assuntos
Bebidas Alcoólicas/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Artemisia/química , Carum/química , Centaurium/química , Europa (Continente) , Manipulação de Alimentos , Isomerismo , Mentha piperita/química , Fenóis/química
5.
J Med Food ; 22(1): 102-108, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30222488

RESUMO

Medicinal plants are widely used for the relief of disease symptoms or as dietary supplements. In recent decades, purple coneflower has become extremely well known. An infusion or tincture of purple coneflower can be prepared by anyone simply, inexpensively, and ecologically safely. Three plant parts of purple coneflower were used in the study: extracts from roots, flowers, and leaves were obtained using three different solvents (100% and 40% ethanol and water). High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometer identified and quantified 23 individual phenolics. Pure (100%) ethanol gave the lowest yield of all the investigated phenolic compounds in all herb parts. Chicoric and caftaric acids were the major phenolic compounds in coneflower. Caftaric acid, with health promoting properties, was extracted best in a water solution from purple coneflower leaves (2673.31 mg/100 g dry weight [DW]) and chicoric acid, also with a beneficial effect on human health, yielded the highest levels in 40% ethanol solution from flowers (1571.79 mg/100 g DW) and roots (1396.27 mg/100 g DW).


Assuntos
Ácidos Cafeicos/análise , Echinacea/química , Flores/química , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Succinatos/análise , Química Farmacêutica , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Humanos , Fitoterapia , Chás de Ervas
6.
J Sci Food Agric ; 98(9): 3333-3342, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29240233

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Interest in organic blue honeysuckle berries has increased in recent years. They are rich in various health-promoting compounds which are sensitive to different environmental factors and are modified during the growing season. RESULTS: Honeysuckle berries from different locations differed significantly in their contents of primary and secondary metabolites. The location Ogulin, with the highest altitude and consequently high UV radiation, had the highest phenolic content (259.85 mg per 100 g). Additionally, Vukovski Vrh, with the lowest temperature, had the highest ascorbic acid content (36.83 mg per 100 g), while Smartno pri Litiji and Visnja Gora, with the highest precipitation, had the highest organic acid contents (885.85 and 850.01 mg per 100 g respectively). A combination of stressful environmental conditions of temperature, water source and light intensity led to the highest saponin content in Visnja Gora (695 mg per 100 g), the highest tannin content in Dolnje Impolje (134 mg per 100 g) and the highest sugar content (2585.45 mg per 100 g) in Vucetinac. CONCLUSION: The contents of bioactive substances were influenced by various environmental factors such as temperature, UV radiation, altitude, light intensity and fruit ripening stage. Different compounds respond distinctly to different environmental factors. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.


Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Frutas/química , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lonicera/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Altitude , Antioxidantes/análise , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Croácia , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Fenóis/análise , Saponinas/análise , Estações do Ano , Eslovênia , Taninos/análise , Temperatura , Raios Ultravioleta
7.
J Agric Food Chem ; 65(48): 10621-10629, 2017 Dec 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29125745

RESUMO

In fruit production seeds are mostly regarded as waste, but for plants they represent a beginning of new life. Seeds accumulate toxic or health-beneficial compounds, and the elucidation of their metabolic profile is especially important to people who consume the entire fruit, including the seeds. The present research quantifies the levels of bioactive compounds (phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides (CGG)) in fruit seeds of 35 cultivars belonging to 6 different fruit species. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrophotometry were used to detect and identify the studied compounds. Significant differences in the content of individual bioactive compounds as well as their groups were recorded (p < 0.05). For the first time neoamygdalin and prunasin were detected in a number of fruit cultivars. All fruit seeds, except pears, accumulated from 2- to 46-fold higher levels of CGG than phenolics. On average, seeds contained from 75.46 to 1648.14 µg/g phenolics and from 46.39 to 4374.31 µg/g CGG. The study also clarifies the new lethal dose for cyanogenic glycosides.


Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais/química , Rosaceae/química , Sementes/química , Resíduos/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Frutas/química , Frutas/classificação , Glicosídeos/química , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas , Fenóis/química , Rosaceae/classificação , Sementes/classificação
8.
J Sci Food Agric ; 97(8): 2623-2632, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27734518

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) possesses high antioxidant activity and has been used to treat numerous medicinal disorders. In addition to their antioxidant properties, elderberry parts accumulate toxic cyanogenic glycosides (CGG). It has been proven that altitude influences the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. In the present study we investigated the change of phenolics and CGG in elder leaves, flowers, and berries induced by different altitudes and locations. RESULTS: The data indicate that the accumulation of CGG and phenolics is affected by the altitude of the growing site. An increase of anthocyanin content was recorded in elder berries collected at higher elevations in both locations. Fruit collected at the foothills of location 2 contained 3343 µg g-1 anthocyanins as opposed to fruit from the hilltop, which contained 7729 µg g-1 . Elder berries contained the lowest levels of harmful CGG compared to other analysed plant parts. However, more cyanogenic glycosides were always present in plant parts collected at the hilltop. Accordingly, berries accumulated 0.11 µg g-1 CGG at the foothills and 0.59 µg g-1 CGG at the hilltop. CONCLUSION: Elder berries and flowers collected at the foothill were characterised by the lowest levels of both beneficial (phenolics) and harmful compounds (CGG) and are suitable for moderate consumption. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.


Assuntos
Glicosídeos/análise , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Sambucus nigra/química , Altitude , Antocianinas/análise , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Flores/química , Flores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Flores/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/metabolismo , Glicosídeos/metabolismo , Fenóis/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Sambucus nigra/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sambucus nigra/metabolismo
9.
Food Chem ; 203: 483-490, 2016 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26948641

RESUMO

Popular liqueurs made from apricot/cherry pits were evaluated in terms of their phenolic composition and occurrence of cyanogenic glycosides (CGG). Analyses consisted of detailed phenolic and cyanogenic profiles of cherry and apricot seeds as well as beverages prepared from crushed kernels. Phenolic groups and cyanogenic glycosides were analyzed with the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrophotometry (MS). Lower levels of cyanogenic glycosides and phenolics have been quantified in liqueurs compared to fruit kernels. During fruit pits steeping in the alcohol, the phenolics/cyanogenic glycosides ratio increased and at the end of beverage manufacturing process higher levels of total analyzed phenolics were detected compared to cyanogenic glycosides (apricot liqueur: 38.79 µg CGG per ml and 50.57 µg phenolics per ml; cherry liqueur 16.08 µg CGG per ml and 27.73 µg phenolics per ml). Although higher levels of phenolics are characteristic for liqueurs made from apricot and cherry pits these beverages nevertheless contain considerable amounts of cyanogenic glycosides.


Assuntos
Bebidas Alcoólicas/análise , Frutas/química , Glicosídeos/análise , Fenóis/análise , Prunus armeniaca/química , Prunus avium/química , Bebidas Alcoólicas/normas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Sementes/química , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray
10.
J Sci Food Agric ; 96(9): 3140-7, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26455574

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Persimmon is a seasonal fruit and only available in fresh form for a short period of each year. In addition to freezing, drying is the simplest substitute for the fresh fruit and accessible throughout the year. The effect of mellowing and drying was evaluated in 'Tipo' persimmon, an astringent cultivar. RESULTS: 'Tipo' firm fruit contained high levels of tannins (1.1 mg g(-1) DW), which were naturally decreased to 0.2 mg g(-1) DW after mellowing. The drying process greatly impacted the contents of carotenoids, total phenols, individual phenolics, tannins, organic acids, sugars and colour parameters in firm and mellow fruit. The reduction of tannins, phenolic compounds and organic acids were accompanied by the increase of sugars and carotenoids, improving the colour of the analysed samples. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the drying process improved the quality of persimmon products and extended their shelf life. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.


Assuntos
Dessecação/métodos , Diospyros/química , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Ácidos/análise , Carboidratos/análise , Carotenoides/análise , Cor , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Liofilização/métodos , Fenóis/análise , Taninos/análise
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...