Activation and valence in responses to organizational change: Development and validation of the change response circumplex scale.

Organizational members' responses to organizational change have a key role in determining the success of the change. The predominant conceptualization of responses to change has focused on the valence of responses-the degree to which they are positive (e.g., openness to change) versus negative (e.g., resistance to change). Yet, recent theory suggests that rather than a single continuum, ranging from negative to positive, responses to change are better represented with a bidimensional framework including both a valence-based continuum and an activation-based continuum (active vs. passive; Oreg et al., 2018), comprising a change response circumplex. Based on this theoretical framework, we develop and validate a scale for measuring the four dimensions of the change response circumplex (i.e., change acceptance, change proactivity, change disengagement, change resistance). We conducted five studies in which we develop the scale and demonstrate its content validity (Study 1, N = 208), circumplex structure and construct validity (Study 2, N = 221; Study 3, N = 315), concurrent validity (Study 4, N = 588), and predictive validity (Study 5, N = 146). We also demonstrate the usefulness of distinguishing among the four responses for predicting the amount and types of feedback that change recipients provide, and show the particular value of active responses, above and beyond valence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Prospective Study of Nonsurgical Auricular Correction According to Timing of Treatment.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many studies recommend nonsurgical auricular correction during the early postnatal period, when cartilage plasticity is high; however, many patients are not eligible for the procedure. This study compared different timings of nonsurgical auricular correction to investigate benefit after the optimal period for correction. METHODS: In this prospective study, 53 ears from 35 patients with congenital auricular anomaly were assigned to two groups according to age at correction: the "early-group" with correction within 2 weeks of birth and "late-group" with correction 8 weeks after birth. Aesthetic outcomes, caregiver satisfaction, detachment rates and mean device-wearing periods, were compared. RESULTS: Thirty-one ears from 20 patients comprised the early-group, and 18 ears from 12 patients comprised the late-group. Mean time to treatment after birth was 9.09 days in the early-group and 134.7 days in the late-group. In the early-group, detachment occurred in 4/31 ears (12.9%), and in the late-group, detachment occurred in 12/18 ears (66.7%), which was statistically significant (p<0.01). The average period of applying devices was 4.7 ± 1.2 weeks in the early-group and 8.5 ± 4.1 weeks in the late-group, with a significantly longer treatment time in the late-group (p=0.001). The early-group had 87.1% "good" results vs. 55.6% in the late-group, with a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The correction period was shorter, detachment rate was lower, and treatment outcome was better in the early-group. However, successful correction was also present in the late-group, showing that the patients who have passed the optimum correction period should proceed after counselling.

Feasibility of facial nerve monitoring using adhesive surface electrodes during parotidectomy: a comparative study with needle electrodes.

PURPOSE: Electrophysiological monitoring of the facial nerve during parotidectomy has been reported as an adjunctive method to prevent facial nerve injury. Classically, a needle electrode is used to obtain electromyographic (EMG) signals from facial muscles during facial nerve monitoring (FNM) of parotid surgery, likewise adhesive surface electrodes. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of performing FNM with surface electrodes during parotid surgery and to compare EMG values with needle electrodes. METHODS: Thirty patients who underwent parotidectomy under FNM using adhesive surface and needle electrodes were included. Two pairs of adhesive surface electrodes and needle electrodes were used for FNM during parotid surgery. Mean amplitudes were collected after electrical facial nerve stimulation at 1 mA after specimen removal. RESULTS: The mean amplitude of the adhesive surface electrodes was 226.50 ± 118.44 µV (orbicularis oculi muscle) and 469.6 ± 306.06 µV (orbicularis oris muscle), respectively. The mean amplitude of the needle electrodes was 449.85 ± 248.10 µV (orbicularis oculi muscle) and 654.66 ± 395.71 µV (orbicularis oris muscle), respectively. The mean amplitude of the orbicularis oris muscle was significantly greater than that of the orbicularis oculi. The amplitude values measured in the orbicularis oculi muscle showed significant differences between the needle and skin electrodes. CONCLUSIONS: Facial nerve monitoring (FNM) using adhesive surface electrodes is feasible in parotid surgery. Although the mean amplitude value of the surface electrode was relatively lower than that of the needle electrode, the surface electrode is considered a feasible and safe EMG recording device for FNM in parotid surgery.

Efficacy of TnR Nasal Mesh for prevention of septal perforation during septoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: Septoplasty has been reported as the most common cause of the septal perforation. The interposition of the graft materials between the flaps at the site of the tear may be helpful to decrease the likelihood of septal perforation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of TnR Nasal Mesh on the prevention of septal perforation following septoplasty. METHODS: Among 46 patients had septal perforation after septoplasty, 35 patients were treated with TnR Nasal Mesh and 11 with autologous septal cartilage for bilateral mucosal tears at the corresponding area of the nasal septum. TnR Nasal Mesh or septal cartilage was placed between the injured mucoperichondrial flaps and confirmed in its original position at both sides under nasal endoscope. Objective endoscopic examination for septal mucosa status was evaluated between the patients who were treated with TnR Nasal Mesh or septal cartilage. RESULTS: Twenty patients (57.1%) showed complete bilateral mucosa healing and nine (25.7%) had unilateral healing after TnR Nasal Mesh insertion. However, complete bilateral and unilateral mucosa healing was observed in 4 (36.4%) and 1 patients (9.1%) treated with septal cartilage, respectively. Complete healing rate for septal perforation was significantly higher in TnR Nasal Mesh than in septal cartilage insertion (p=0.022). None of the patients showed complications or adverse reactions after TnR Nasal Mesh or septal cartilage treatment. CONCLUSION: TnR Nasal Mesh insertion after bilateral septal mucosal tear during septoplasty reduces permanent septal perforation without an apparent adverse effect. Therefore, TnR Nasal Mesh may be a safe and effective graft material for the prevention of septal perforation following septoplasty.

Clinical outcomes of T4a papillary thyroid cancer with recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement: a retrospective analysis.

Preoperative vocal cord palsy (VCP) may indicate locally invasive papillary thyroid cancer (PTC); using this relationship, we evaluated the clinical outcomes and risk factors for recurrence in post-thyroidectomy T4a PTC patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) involvement. We retrospectively investigated thyroidectomy patients, recorded their clinical factors, recurrence rate, and pathological findings, and analysed the relationship between recurrence rate and clinical factors. Of 72 patients, 37 (51%) had preoperative VCP and 35 (49%) had normal preoperative vocal cord movement with confirmed intraoperative RLN invasion. Tracheal and esophageal invasion was observed in 13 (18%) and 15 (21%) patients, respectively. Thyroid cancer recurred in 18 (25%) patients over 58 months, resulting in 2 (3%) deaths. Recurrence was not associated with surgical extent, organ invasion, enlarged tumour size, or lymph node infiltration (p > 0.05). The recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with positive resection margins (p < 0.05). T4a PTC patients with RLN involvement showed a poor prognosis. The recurrence rate was not affected by preoperative VCP, intraoperative detection of RLN invasion, nerve resection, nerve preservation by shaving, lymph node metastasis, or tracheal or esophageal invasion. The most important prognostic factor for recurrence was a positive resection margin.

Regulating and facilitating: the role of emotional intelligence in maintaining and using positive affect for creativity.

Although past research has identified the effects of emotional intelligence on numerous employee outcomes, the relationship between emotional intelligence and creativity has not been well established. We draw upon affective information processing theory to explain how two facets of emotional intelligence-emotion regulation and emotion facilitation-shape employee creativity. Specifically, we propose that emotion regulation ability enables employees to maintain higher positive affect (PA) when faced with unique knowledge processing requirements, while emotion facilitation ability enables employees to use their PA to enhance their creativity. We find support for our hypotheses using a multimethod (ability test, experience sampling, survey) and multisource (archival, self-reported, supervisor-reported) research design of early career managers across a wide range of jobs.

Emotional intelligence, teamwork effectiveness, and job performance: the moderating role of job context.

We advance understanding of the role of ability-based emotional intelligence (EI) and its subdimensions in the workplace by examining the mechanisms and context-based boundary conditions of the EI-performance relationship. Using a trait activation framework, we theorize that employees with higher overall EI and emotional perception ability exhibit higher teamwork effectiveness (and subsequent job performance) when working in job contexts characterized by high managerial work demands because such contexts contain salient emotion-based cues that activate employees' emotional capabilities. A sample of 212 professionals from various organizations and industries indicated support for the salutary effect of EI, above and beyond the influence of personality, cognitive ability, emotional labor job demands, job complexity, and demographic control variables. Theoretical and practical implications of the potential value of EI for workplace outcomes under contexts involving managerial complexity are discussed.

The role of affective experience in work motivation: Test of a conceptual model.

The purpose of this paper was to contribute to understanding of the crucial role of emotion in work motivation by testing a conceptual model developed by Seo, Barrett, and Bartunek (2004) that predicted the impacts of core affect on three behavioral outcomes of work motivation, generative-defensive orientation, effort, and persistence. We tested the model using an Internet-based investment simulation combined with an experience sampling procedure. Consistent with the predictions of the model, pleasantness was positively related to all three of the predicted indices. For the most part, these effects occurred indirectly via its relationships with expectancy, valence, and progress judgment components. Also as predicted by the model, activation was directly and positively related to effort.

AFFECT AND THE FRAMING EFFECT WITHIN INDIVIDUALS OVER TIME: RISK TAKING IN A DYNAMIC INVESTMENT SIMULATION.

We examined the role of affect (pleasant or unpleasant feelings) and decision frames (gains or losses) in risk taking in a 20-day stock investment simulation in which 101 participants rated their current feelings while making investment decisions. As predicted, affect attenuated the relationships between decision frames and risk taking. After experiencing losses, individuals made more risky choices, in keeping with the framing effect. However, this tendency decreased and/or disappeared when loss was simultaneously experienced with either pleasant or unpleasant feelings. Similarly, individuals' tendency to avoid risk after experiencing gains disappeared or even reversed when they simultaneously experienced pleasant feelings.

BEING EMOTIONAL DURING DECISION MAKING-GOOD OR BAD? AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION.

This paper examines the link between affective experience and decision-making performance. In a stock investment simulation, 101 stock investors rated their feelings on an Internet Web site while making investment decisions each day for 20 consecutive business days. Contrary to the popular belief that feelings are generally bad for decision making, we found that individuals who experienced more intense feelings achieved higher decision-making performance. Moreover, individuals who were better able to identify and distinguish among their current feelings achieved higher decision-making performance via their enhanced ability to control the possible biases induced by those feelings.

THE ROLE OF AFFECTIVE EXPERIENCE IN WORK MOTIVATION.

Based on psychological and neurobiological theories of core affective experience, we identify a set of direct and indirect paths through which affective feelings at work affect three dimensions of behavioral outcomes: direction, intensity, and persistence. First, affective experience may influence these behavioral outcomes indirectly by affecting goal level and goal commitment, as well as three key judgment components of work motivation: expectancy judgments, utility judgments, and progress judgments. Second, affective experience may also affect these behavioral outcomes directly. We discuss implications of our model.