Impacto de las leyes de control del tabaquismo en la exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco en Galicia (2005-2011) / Impact of the Spanish smoking laws on the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in Galicia (2005-2011)

OBJETIVO: La estimación de la prevalencia de exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco (HAT) permite aproximar el impacto de las leyes orientadas al control del tabaquismo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer cómo varió la prevalencia de exposición autodeclarada al HAT en Galicia entre los años 2005 (previo a la Ley 28/2005) y 2011 (posterior a la Ley 42/2010). Métodos: Información aportada por cinco estudios transversales telefónicos independientes de base poblacional entre los años 2005 y 2011 en población de 16 a 74 años de edad (n = 34.419). Se estimaron prevalencias de exposición acompañadas de intervalos de confianza del 95% en función del ámbito de exposición autodeclarada y del consumo de tabaco. RESULTADOS: En 2005, antes de la implementación de la Ley 28/2005, un 95% de la población declaró estar expuesta al HAT; en 2011, después de la implementación de la Ley 42/2010, esta prevalencia fue del 28%. En función del ámbito donde se produce la exposición al HAT, el descenso más importante en 2006, tras la implantación de la Ley 28/2005, fue en el trabajo, y en 2011 en los lugares de ocio. La prevalencia de exposición en el hogar disminuyó al inicio del periodo a estudio y después se mantuvo sin cambios. CONCLUSIONES: En Galicia, en el periodo 2005-2011 disminuyó de forma importante la prevalencia autodeclarada de exposición al HAT, en especial después de la implantación de las Leyes 28/2005 y 42/2010. No obstante, uno de cada cuatro gallegos de 16 a 74 años de edad declararon estar expuestos en 2011

OBJECTIVE: Prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is a valuable index to assess the impact of the laws for tobacco control. The objective of this work is to analyse variations in the prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in Galicia (Spain) between 2005, before the Law 28/2005, and 2011, after the law 42/2010. METHODS: Data were obtained from five population-based independent cross-sectional studies, telephone surveys, developed in Galicia between 2005 and 2011 among population aged 16 to 74 (n = 34.419). Self-reported exposure among population aged between 16 and 74 was analysed by setting and tobacco consumption by prevalence with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Environmental tobacco smoke exposure decreased dramatically in Galicia between 2005 and 2011. In 2005, before the Law 28/2005, 95% of the population reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke compared to 28% in 2011, after the Law 42/2010. Decrease was greater in workplaces in 2006 and in leisure time venues in 2011. After an initial decrease in 2006, exposure at home remains unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: An important reduction in self-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke occurred in Galicia in the period 2005-2011, specially after the introduction of Laws 28/2005 and 42/2010. Nevertheless, one in four of the population aged 16 to 74 remained exposed in 2011

[Impact of the Spanish smoking laws on the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in Galicia (2005-2011)]. / Impacto de las leyes de control del tabaquismo en la exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco en Galicia (2005-2011).

OBJECTIVE: Prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is a valuable index to assess the impact of the laws for tobacco control. The objective of this work is to analyse variations in the prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in Galicia (Spain) between 2005, before the Law 28/2005, and 2011, after the law 42/2010. METHODS: Data were obtained from five population-based independent cross-sectional studies, telephone surveys, developed in Galicia between 2005 and 2011 among population aged 16 to 74 (n=34.419). Self-reported exposure among population aged between 16 and 74 was analysed by setting and tobacco consumption by prevalence with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Environmental tobacco smoke exposure decreased dramatically in Galicia between 2005 and 2011. In 2005, before the Law 28/2005, 95% of the population reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke compared to 28% in 2011, after the Law 42/2010. Decrease was greater in workplaces in 2006 and in leisure time venues in 2011. After an initial decrease in 2006, exposure at home remains unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: An important reduction in self-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke occurred in Galicia in the period 2005-2011, specially after the introduction of Laws 28/2005 and 42/2010. Nevertheless, one in four of the population aged 16 to 74 remained exposed in 2011.

Mortalidad atribuida al consumo de tabaco en Galicia, 1980-2007 / Mortality attributable to tobacco consumption in Galicia (Spain): 1980-2007

Fundamento y objetivo: La estimación de la mortalidad atribuida al consumo de tabaco proporciona una visión complementaria a la prevalencia de consumo y aproxima el impacto que el tabaco tiene en la salud a nivel poblacional. El objetivo de este estudio fue medir el impacto, en cifras de mortalidad, que el consumo de tabaco tuvo en la población gallega mayor de 34 años entre 1980 y 2007, e identificar posibles cambios de tendencia. Pacientes y método: La mortalidad atribuida se estimó aplicando un método independiente de prevalencia basado en el cálculo de fracciones atribuidas poblacionales. Los riesgos relativos y las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en fumadores y nunca fumadores proceden del Cancer Prevention Study-II. Se calcularon tasas anuales de mortalidad atribuida y se analizaron tendencias aplicando modelos de regresión joinpoint.Resultados: A lo largo del período estudiado (1980-2007), se estima que el tabaco ha producido en Galicia 93.308 muertes (87.674 en varones y 5.634 en mujeres). Las tasas de mortalidad atribuida en varones muestran una tendencia decreciente desde mediados de la década de 1990 (porcentaje de cambio anual: -1,8%). En las mujeres la tendencia es creciente desde el bienio 1988-1989 (porcentaje de cambio anual: 28,4%). Conclusiones: El consumo de tabaco ha supuesto en Galicia una importante carga de mortalidad en el período 1980-2007. La tendencia decreciente observada en la mortalidad atribuida al tabaco en varones es un resultado positivo, pero en mujeres jóvenes el aumento de la mortalidad atribuida es alarmante (AU)

Background and ojective: Tobacco attributable mortality offers a complementary view to smoking prevalence, giving an estimate of its impact at population level. The purpose of this study is to measure the impact, using mortality figures, of tobacco consumption in the Galician population over 34 years from 1980 to 2007, and identify any changes of trend. Patients and methods: Attributable mortality was estimated using a prevalence independent method that is based on population attributable fractions. Relative risks and mortality rates due to lung cancer in smokers and non-smokers came from the Cancer Prevention Study-II. Annual attributable mortality rates were calculated and the presence of any trends was tested using joinpoint regression models. Results: During the studied time period (1980-2007) it is estimated that tobacco use has caused 93,308 deaths in Galicia (87,674 in men and 5,634 in women). Attributable mortality rates in men show a decreasing tendency from the middle 90s onwards (annual percent change: -1.8%). However in women there is an increasing trend starting from the period 1988-1989 (annual percent change:28.4%). Conclusions: Tobacco consumption has entailed an important burden of mortality from 1980 to 2007. The decreasing tendency in attributable mortality rates in men is an encouraging result, but its increase in young women is rather alarming (AU)

[Mortality attributable to tobacco consumption in Galicia (Spain): 1980-2007]. / Mortalidad atribuida al consumo de tabaco en Galicia, 1980-2007.

UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND AND OJECTIVE: Tobacco attributable mortality offers a complementary view to smoking prevalence, giving an estimate of its impact at population level. The purpose of this study is to measure the impact, using mortality figures, of tobacco consumption in the Galician population over 34 years from 1980 to 2007, and identify any changes of trend. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Attributable mortality was estimated using a prevalence independent method that is based on population attributable fractions. Relative risks and mortality rates due to lung cancer in smokers and non-smokers came from the Cancer Prevention Study-II. Annual attributable mortality rates were calculated and the presence of any trends was tested using joinpoint regression models. RESULTS: During the studied time period (1980-2007) it is estimated that tobacco use has caused 93,308 deaths in Galicia (87,674 in men and 5,634 in women). Attributable mortality rates in men show a decreasing tendency from the middle 90s onwards (annual percent change: -1.8%). However in women there is an increasing trend starting from the period 1988-1989 (annual percent change:28.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco consumption has entailed an important burden of mortality from 1980 to 2007. The decreasing tendency in attributable mortality rates in men is an encouraging result, but its increase in young women is rather alarming.