Lateral distribution of endometriomas as a function of age.

The lateral asymmetry of ovarian endometriomas, with a left-sided predilection, seems to disappear with advancing age. This asymmetry does not seem to persist in women >35 years of age.

Bone mineralization in newborns whose mothers received magnesium sulphate for tocolysis of premature labour.

Prolonged maternal magnesium sulphate infusion therapy for tocolysis of premature labour may result in secondary fetal hypermagnesaemia, which has been associated with bony abnormalities in the newborn. We report on four infants, members of two twin pregnancies, who were exposed to prolonged fetal hypermagnesaemia. Three of the infants, all appropriate for gestational age, showed abnormal radiological findings consisting of abnormal mineralisation of long-bone metaphyses owing to fetal hypermagnesaemia. The fourth infant, who was growth retarded, had normal bones. Intrauterine growth restriction appears to be protective against magnesium sulphate-induced abnormal bone mineralisation in the newborn.

Neonatal outcome of growth discordant twin gestations.

The aim of the study was to compare a variety of neonatal outcome variables of growth concordant twin gestations (CT) to that of growth discordant twins (DT). Maternal and neonatal charts of live, non-anomalous twins > 25 weeks' gestation from 1984-2000 with no evidence of twin-twin transfusion syndrome were reviewed for several variables. DT occurred in (N = 81) 11.9% of all twin pregnancies. In 61.7% of DT, twin B was the smaller of the twins. There was no difference in maternal age, admission indications, or antepartum complications between both groups. DT had a significantly higher incidence of growth restriction compared to CT (88.9% vs 43.5%, p < 0.001). More mothers of DT required oxytocin (37.0% vs 26.3%, p = 0.024); however, cesarean delivery rate and indications were similar in both groups. A similar percentage of infants had AS < 4 at 1 min and AS < 7 at 5 min in both groups. There was no difference between the 2 groups in neonatal complications including: trauma, respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, pneumonia, seizures, or neonatal mortality. However, DT had a significantly higher incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, need for mechanical ventilation and a longer nursery stay. The neonatal outcome of growth discordant twins is worse than that of concordant twins even in pregnancies uncomplicated by twin-twin transfusion syndrome or congenital anomalies.

Perinatal outcome of vaginally delivered twin gestations with a larger twin B.

OBJECTIVE: To study the perinatal outcome of vaginally delivered twins when twin B is more than 250 g larger than twin A. STUDY DESIGN: Maternal and neonatal charts of live-born, nonanomalous twins, >25 weeks' gestation and vaginally delivered over a period of 17 years were reviewed. The results of this review were distributed among two groups: (1). those with twin B more than 250 g larger than twin A (DeltaBW>250) and (2). those where the difference was <250 g (DeltaBW<250). For vaginally delivered twin gestations, the perinatal outcome of twin B in the group DeltaBW>250 was compared to that of its co-twin, and to that of twin B in the group DeltaBW<250. RESULTS: Of the 679 twin gestations reviewed, 138 (20.6%) were in the group DeltaBW>250, of whom 73 (52.9%) delivered vaginally despite malpresentation in 39.7%. The vaginally delivered twin pregnancies in the groups DeltaBW>250 (n=73) and DeltaBW<250 (n=303) had similar demographics, parity, presentation, gestational age at delivery, and duration of the first stage of labor. Discordant twins were more frequent in the group DeltaBW>250 (26.0 versus 9.5%, p=0.001). Twin B in the group DeltaBW<250 was smaller, with higher incidence of growth restriction, low 5 min Apgar score, and hyperbilirubinemia compared to twin B in the group DeltaBW>250. There was no difference in the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage, seizures, sepsis, neonatal death, and median nursery stay. Except for a lower median Apgar score at 1 min in twin B and a longer median nursery stay in twin A, twins A and B in the group DeltaBW>250 were similar regarding all other neonatal outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS: When twin B is more than 250 g larger than A, and both are delivered vaginally, the perinatal outcome is similar to its co-twin as well as to that of twin B of all other vaginally delivered twins. That twin B is larger than A is not itself a contraindication to attempted vaginal delivery.

Impact of advanced maternal age on pregnancy outcome.

The aim of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcome and delivery complications in women 40 years or older (cases) to that of women 20 to 30 years old (controls). Over a 5-year period, 319 cases had a singleton delivery in our institution. These women were compared with 326 controls. Parity was significantly higher in cases compared with controls (3.2 vs. 1.8). Advanced maternal age, compared with younger age, was associated with significantly higher rates of preterm delivery (16.0 vs. 8.0%), cesarean delivery (CS) (31.3 vs. 13.5%), and the occurrence of one or more antepartum complications (29.5 vs. 16.6%). When the two groups were subdivided according to parity, rates of preterm delivery, CS, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, and labor induction were each significantly higher among older multiparas compared with control multiparas. However, only preterm delivery, CS rates, and uterine fibroids were found to be significantly higher in older nulliparous compared with young nulliparous women. We conclude that multiparous women at least 40 years old have a higher antepartum complication rate including intrauterine fetal death compared with younger women.