Development of Sterile Insect Technique for Control of the European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana, in Urban Areas of Chile.

The European grapevine moth, a Palearctic pest, was first detected in the Americas in 2008. Its establishment in Chile presented production and export issues for grapes and other fruits, and a national control campaign was launched. Urban areas next to agricultural production areas were recognized as a challenge for effective control. In 2015, a SIT laboratory was established in Arica, Chile to evaluate its potential for urban control. Progress included the development and evaluation of artificial diets, a mass-rearing of 75,000 moths/week, confirmation of 150 Gy as an operational dose for inherited sterility, and releases of sterile moths in a 25 ha urban area next to fruit production areas. Season-long releases demonstrated that high overflooding ratios were achieved early in the season but decreased with a large increase in the wild moth population. Sterile moth quality was consistently high, and moths were observed living in the field up to 10 days and dispersing up to 800 m. Recommendations for further development of the SIT include conducting cage and field studies to evaluate overflooding ratios and mating competitiveness, measuring of infestation densities in release and no-release areas, and conducting trials to evaluate combining SIT with compatible integrated pest management (IPM) tactics such as fruit stripping and use of mating disruption.

Acciones fonoaudiológicas para niños con discapacidad múltiple dentro del aula de clase / Actions the speech-language pathologist for children with multiple disability inside the classroom of class

El presente artículo abarca el resultado de un conjunto de consideraciones teórico prácticas acerca de las necesidades comunicativas y sociales que presentan los niños con discapacidad múltiple en el aula de clase; asimismo, cómo el término discapacidad se encuentra en constante cambio y cómo la Ley estatutaria 1618 se apropia del concepto de discapacidad para cubrir todas las necesidades y garantizar la conformidad y buen trato hacia esta población. En este contexto, es importante abordar la manera como el Fonoaudiólogo empieza a ocupar un papel relevante en el aula, donde contribuye al desarrollo comunicativo, analiza y procura la mejora de las deficiencias que se presentan, buscando soluciones y propiciando actividades viables para aumentar el desarrollo social e interpersonal de la población educativa, la cual a su vez, se proyecta desde el aula de clase bajo una perspectiva inclusiva y dinamizadora del docente hacia una sociedad en donde todos los niños y niñas tienen el poder de comunicar y participar. Se propone mediante este artículo reflexionar sobre las acciones del fonoaudiólogo para favorecer la interacción comunicativa en el aula de clase con la población infantil con discapacidad múltiple.

This article covers the result of a set of theoretical- practical considerations about the communicative and social needs of children with multiple disabilities in classrooms. This, taking in account that disability is constantly changing concept and that the Statutory Law 1618 uses the concept of disability to ensure this population's good treatment, needs and guarantees. In this context, it is important to address how the speech therapist has started to occupy a relevant role in the classroom, contributing to the communicative development, analyzing and seeking to improve deficiencies, looking for solutions and making activities to increase the social and interpersonal development of the student population. With the teachers help, this population is projected from the classroom, under an inclusive and dynamic perspective, towards a society where all children have the power to communicate and participate. This article proposes a reflection on the speech therapist's actions to favor the interactive classroom communication with the child's population with multiple disabilities

Intravitreal rituximab for the treatment of a secondary intraocular relapse of a large B-cell lymphoma.

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of secondary intraocular lymphoma treated with intravitreal rituximab, following pars plana vitrectomy. OBSERVATIONS: A 74-year-old female with history of parotid gland large B-cell lymphoma presented bilateral intraocular recurrence 10 years after the onset of the primary malignancy. Systemic work-up including PET/CT Scan, bone marrow biopsy, brain MRI and CSF analysis were unremarkable, and the patient declined to undergo systemic chemotherapy. Vision loss in her left eye was severe due to significant sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) infiltration involving the macula; this eye was treated with external beam radiation therapy. On the right eye, the relapse manifested with vitreous involvement and fovea-sparing multifocal, sub-RPE infiltration for which the patient received monthly intravitreal rituximab injections, following pars plana vitrectomy. Through the course of therapy, the patient achieved good local control and maintained 20/20 visual acuity on her right eye. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance, every 3 months, was performed and revealed a cerebellar recurrence 24 months into the course of therapy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: Our case illustrates how intravitreal immunotherapy with rituximab may provide local control of CD-20 positive secondary intraocular lymphoma; particularly in cases where systemic therapy is not amenable. In our case, a prior vitrectomy, did not appear to interfere with the therapeutic effect of intravitreal rituximab. Close quarterly surveillance with Brain MRI may help disclose central nervous system recurrences in such cases.