[The clinical picture and treatment of dissociated vertical strabismus]. / Klinika i lechenie dissotsiirovannogo vertikal'nogo kosoglaziia.

The paper describes clinical picture of a special form of oculomotor pathology--dissociated vertical squint characterized by vertical deviation into different directions, a different value of vertical deviation in abduction-adduction, a forced position of the head, infrequently--pseudoptosis of the upper lid of the downwards deviated eye, normal or slightly reduced visual acuity. The approach of surgical treatment is described. A stage-by-stage surgical treatment in 125 patients resulted into elimination of deviation in 67.2% of cases, restoration of normal binocular vision at different distances in 23.2%, binocular vision for near in 11.2% of patients. Orthoptic-diploptic treatment is shown to be expedient in patients with periodically small (to 8 degrees) angles of dissociated vertical squint, leading to restoration of binocular vision in 54.4% of patients.

[The accuracy of ophthalmological measurements]. / K voprosu o tochnosti oftal'mologicheskikh izmerenii.

Main principals of metrology of measurement being conducted in research studies and in practice of ophthalmologists are stated. Characteristics of casual and systematic errors are described and their causes explained. Concrete measures for increasing the accuracy of ophthalmologic measurements are proposed: coordination of works in research institutes and chairs of ophthalmological profile and metrologic organizations of the state standard on metrologic provision; publication of papers devoted to the methods of treatment of measurement results; introduction of foundations of metrology into the program of education for refreshment courses of physicians-ophthalmologists.

[The results of research on visual fatigue in children by determining the perception time of a sequential color contrast]. / Rezul'taty issledovaniia zritel'nogo utomleniia u detei putem opredeleniia vremeni vospriiatiia tsvetovogo posledovatel'nogo kontrasta.

The paper analyses results after a study of visual fatigue by means of determining the perception time of a color successive contrast in children, aged from 10 to 13 years, before and after intensive dosed visual load. The revealed high percentage of visual fatigue in children (40.4-52.5%) is likely to be connected with the fact that the study was made in spring time when signs and body asthenization, avitaminosis are expressed. It was found that perception of a color successive contrast in children with eye myopization is shorter as compared with children with stably normal visual acuity.

[Detection of latent disorders of visual function during ambulatory care of children]. / Vyiavlenie latentnykh rasstroistv zritel'nykh funktsii v protsesse dispanserizatsii detei.

For the purpose to select tests for diagnosis of latent disturbances of visual functions, dynamic observation was conducted over 88 healthy school children within 5 years (from the 3d to the 8th form). Once a year, the children underwent examination of visual acuity for far and near, the state of binocular vision on a synoptophore and a color test, the volume of relative and absolute accommodation, muscular balance of eyes for far and near, contrast sensibility, the time of perception of the negative successive contrast, refraction. For the period of 5 years, 7 children developed myopia of low degree, 32 showed transitory or lasting reduction of visual acuity due to spasm of accommodation. The authors believe that the most rapid and informative tests for diagnosis of latent disturbances in accommodation-convergence system are visual acuity for near, the volume of absolute accommodation, the threshold of remote vision, muscular balance of eyes for near. It is recommended to use these tests widely when conducting ophthalmologic thorough prophylactic examinations of children.